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Frequency, Dispersion, Association, and Keyness: Revising and tupleizing corpus-linguistic measures
Stefan Th. Gries
[Studies in Corpus Linguistics 115] 2024
► pp. 80–169

Chapter 3
Unification of measures

Article outline
  • 3.1Introduction: The Kullback-Leibler divergence
  • 3.2Characteristics of the KLD
    • 3.2.1Directionality
    • 3.2.2Independence of sample size
    • 3.2.3Normalization
    • 3.2.4Smoothing
  • 3.3Background and interpretation
  • 3.4Application to dispersion
    • 3.4.1A first simple example
    • 3.4.2A more realistic example
    • 3.4.3A (very brief!) second reaction to Nelson (2023)
  • 3.5Application to association
    • 3.5.1A first simple example
      • 3.5.1.1The direction row-to-column
      • 3.5.1.2The direction column-to-row
      • 3.5.1.3Quick discussion
    • 3.5.2A second simple example
      • 3.5.2.1The direction row/verb→column/construction
      • 3.5.2.2The direction column/construction→row/verb
    • 3.5.3A more realistic example
      • 3.5.3.1The direction row/verb→column/ditransitive
      • 3.5.3.2The direction column/ditransitive→row/verb
  • 3.6Application to key words
    • 3.6.1A first simple example
      • 3.6.1.1The direction row/word→column/corpus
      • 3.6.1.2The direction column/corpus→row/word
    • 3.6.2A more realistic example
      • 3.6.2.1The direction row/word→column/corpus
      • 3.6.2.2The direction column/corpus→row/word
  • 3.7A brief excursus on contributions to KLD
    • 3.7.1Contributions to KLD for keyness
    • 3.7.2Contributions to KLD for association
  • 3.8Application to concordancing
    • 3.8.1A first simple example
    • 3.8.2A more realistic example
    • 3.8.3Implications for frequency
  • 3.9Interesting extensions
    • 3.9.1Psycholinguistic applications (incl. prototypicality)
    • 3.9.2Synchronic and diachronic corpus homogeneity/comparisons
  • 3.10Interim summary
  • Notes