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Part of
Corpus-based Translation of Private Legal Documents
Patrizia Giampieri
[Natural Language Processing 15] 2024
► pp. 58–117

Chapter 4
Common law and civil law

Tackling legal system differences in the corpus-based translation of terms of web hosting services

Article outline
  • 4.1Clauses of English and Italian ToS: An introduction
  • 4.2Definitions and premises
  • 4.3Headings
  • 4.4The parties’ obligations and responsibilities
  • 4.5Provision of the service, price and payment
  • 4.6Contract term and termination
    • 4.6.1Termination and cancellation in the common law system
    • 4.6.2Termination and cancellation in the Italian legal system
    • 4.6.3Comparison between the Italian and the English legal systems
    • 4.6.4Anticipatory breach and repudiation
  • 4.7Confidentiality, privacy policy and intellectual property rights
    • 4.7.1Confidentiality
    • 4.7.2Privacy policy
    • 4.7.3Intellectual property rights
  • 4.8Limitation of liability
    • 4.8.1Damage and damages
    • 4.8.2Damages in the Italian civil code
    • 4.8.3Liquidated damages
      • 4.8.3.1Liquidated damages in the Italian civil law system
    • 4.8.4In contract or in tort
    • 4.8.5At law or in equity
  • 4.9Representations and warranties
    • 4.9.1Misrepresentation
      • 4.9.1.1Remedies
    • 4.9.2Breach of terms or breach of warranties and related remedies
    • 4.9.3Representations or terms?
      • 4.9.3.1Sample clauses in English ToS
    • 4.9.4(Mis)representations in the Italian legal system
      • 4.9.4.1Fraud and contract avoidance or voidability in the Italian legal system
    • 4.9.5Representations and misrepresentations in English and Italian ToS
      • 4.9.5.1The English “rescission” and the Italian “rescissione”
  • 4.10Indemnification
    • 4.10.1Indennizzo, indennità and manleva in the Italian legal system
    • 4.10.2Indemnification clauses in English and Italian
  • 4.11Amendments, assignment and non-solicitation
    • 4.11.1Amendments
    • 4.11.2Assignment and sub-contracting
    • 4.11.3Non solicitation
  • 4.12Force majeure
    • 4.12.1Force majeure and frustration
    • 4.12.2Force majeure in the Italian legal system
  • 4.13Boilerplate clauses: Severability, entire agreement, survival, notices, waivers
    • 4.13.1Severability
    • 4.13.2Entire agreement
    • 4.13.3Survival
    • 4.13.4Notices
    • 4.13.5Waivers
  • 4.14Governing law and jurisdiction
  • 4.15Unfair terms
    • 4.15.1Unfair terms in the Italian legal system
    • 4.15.2Unfair terms in English and Italian ToS
  • 4.16Challenges
  • 4.17Conclusion
  • Notes