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Part of
Perspectives on Input, Evidence, and Exposure in Language Acquisition: Studies in honour of Susanne E. Carroll
Edited by Lindsay Hracs
[Language Acquisition and Language Disorders 69] 2024
► pp. 271–275

Subject index

A

  • ablative 186–187
  • acquisition problem 22–23, 28, 32, 37, 39, 46
  • acquisition theory 16, 19, 22–23, 26, 29, 33, 37, 41, 43, 64
  • adjunct246
  • adjunction250
  • Adjunction parameter36
  • adjusted target language use (ATLU)179
  • age of onset (AoO) 97–99
  • agreement 44–46, 57, 60, 62–63, 82, 90–92, 96, 105, 109, 197 ; (see also gender agreement, number agreement)
  • Albanian 96–97
  • ambiguity 103, 245, 248
  • Anglophone 119–120, 130, 195
  • Arabic 44, 169, 187, 234
  • artificial language 9, 195–196, 203, 217–218
  • aspect44
  • attention 148, 164, 168, 172, 184, 186, 204, 208, 215, 217, 219
  • attentional resources 168, 193
  • Autonomous Induction Theory1
  • awareness 94, 163, 186, 193

B

  • behaviourist24
  • bilingual:
    • balanced bilingual 62, 125
    • bilingual first language (L1) acquisition 17, 26, 62
    • early bilingual89
    • early sequential bilingual acquisition (eL2) 6, 90, 94, 97–99
    • late bilingual 88–89, 98
    • simultaneous bilingual acquisition (2L1) 6, 23, 25–26, 90, 94, 96, 98–99
    • successive bilingual acquisition (cL2)25
    • unbalanced bilingual67
  • bootstrapping 22, 251 ; (see also semantic bootstrapping, syntactic bootstrapping)
  • boundary tone 8, 144–150, 152, 155, 157–158
  • brain imaging48

C

  • Cantonese199
  • case 6, 66, 81, 89, 91, 93, 197
    • accusative case 91, 103, 197
    • case-marking 97, 103, 246
    • dative case103
    • nominative case 91, 103, 197
  • case study 5–6, 25, 88–89, 109
  • Catalan96
  • child bilingualism25
  • child-directed speech (CDS) 3, 10, 93, 228, 239
  • CHILDES233
  • Chinese217
  • clarification request 8, 164, 229
  • classifier2
  • cognate 2, 195, 204
  • cognitive turn 4, 16, 18–19, 26, 32, 39
  • cognitive-interactionist 162–163
  • coherence 229–230
  • cohesive device 229–230, 239–240
  • comitative 11, 245, 248, 253–256, 258, 260–263
  • complement 141, 246, 251
  • complementation 11, 251
  • complexity 7, 11–12, 41, 64–65, 141, 228, 245, 248–249, 252, 263–264 ; (see also grammatical complexity)
  • comprehension 48, 157, 228–230, 238, 240
  • comprehension task 9, 173, 176–177
  • conceptual representation1
  • connective device 229, 235, 237–238
  • contrastive analysis (CA) 24, 42
  • controlled first exposure language learning (CFELL) 2–3 ; (see also first exposure)
  • correction 2, 157, 185
  • corrective feedback (CF) 8–9, 162–168, 172, 174–177, 180–188
  • correct rejections207 (see also Signal Detection Theory (SDT))
  • cross-linguistic 26, 29, 36, 54, 187, 197, 253
  • cross-linguistic influence (CLI) 88–90, 96, 98
  • cross-sectional 44, 144
  • cue:
    • allophonic cue218
    • contextual cue7
    • distributional cue218
    • gender cue 88, 97, 106, 112
    • intonational cue 145, 148
    • morphological cue6
    • morpho-phonological cue97
    • phonological cue 6, 57–58, 63, 80, 93–94, 97, 197
    • phonotactic cue 191, 218
    • prosodic cue 191, 218
    • semantic cue 6, 92, 95
    • structural cue 89, 91–92
    • syntactic cue 6, 58–61, 82–83
  • cue-based 72, 80–81
  • Czech 227–228

D

  • declarative 8, 144, 146–148, 150–156, 226–227, 233, 236
  • declension class 5, 54–55, 57–58, 60, 63, 66–69, 71–74, 79–83
  • developmental problem 5, 23, 39–40, 43
  • developmental psycholinguistics 4, 16, 21–23, 39, 46, 48
  • developmental sequence 31, 36, 40
  • developmental stage 11, 37, 69, 98, 123, 169, 230, 233–235, 240
  • dialect 19, 145–153, 155, 157 ; (see also macrodialect)
  • dialect identification150
  • diary study232
  • discriminability207
  • discursive frequency 7, 118, 121
  • dislocations1
  • distributional learning46
  • dominant language 6, 69, 112, 123–124
  • Dutch 34, 89, 96, 192, 195, 217–218

E

  • ecological validity 9, 195, 197
  • embedding 245, 247, 252–253, 256, 259–260, 263
  • English 1, 6–11, 31, 34, 36, 66, 88–90, 96–97, 99–103, 110, 112, 119–120, 122–128, 138–139, 144–151, 155, 157, 162–163, 165, 169–170, 191–194, 196–202, 204, 206, 211, 216–219, 227, 229, 234, 245, 248–250, 252, 254, 263
  • evidence 2–3, 5, 8–9, 12, 31–32, 35, 37–38, 43–46, 48, 66, 83, 90, 94–95, 99, 126, 157, 162–166, 168, 181, 184–186, 197–198, 209, 218–219, 228–229, 234, 251–253, 256, 263 ; (see also negative evidence, positive evidence)
  • explicit:
    • explicit correction 8, 165, 185 ; (see also correction)
    • explicit instruction 7–8, 144, 146, 148–150, 152–153, 156–158, 165, 193–195 ; (see also instruction)
    • explicit knowledge 163, 178, 186
    • explicit learning 216, 219–220
    • explicit teaching156
  • exposure 2–4, 6–10, 26, 29–30, 38, 41, 45, 47, 67, 69, 90, 97–101, 109, 112, 118–119, 122, 124, 126–127, 131–132, 138–140, 145, 148, 157, 172, 175, 179, 184, 188, 191–197, 204, 214–220, 228 ; (see also controlled first exposure language learning (CFELL), first exposure)
  • external merge (EM)246 (see also Merge)
  • eye-tracking 48, 98

F

  • facilitate 8, 11, 157, 162–164, 169, 228, 238, 240, 249, 251
  • factor weight 131, 133–135
  • false alarms 207, 213 ; (see also Signal Detection Theory (SDT))
  • Feature Economy (FE) 64–65, 68
  • feedback 2, 157, 164–168, 173, 177, 185–186 ; (see also corrective feedback)
  • feminine 55–61, 72–73, 76–79, 90–95, 97, 104–106, 108–112, 124, 137, 197
  • Finnish 97, 234
  • Finno-Ugrian234
  • first exposure 9–10, 90, 97, 191–192, 194–197, 215–219 ; (see also controlled first exposure language learning (CFELL))
  • focal accent203
  • focus 144, 147, 150, 152
  • for-to infinitive1
  • forced-choice (task) 9–10, 204–205, 207–212, 214–217
  • Foreigner Talk227
  • form-meaning 168, 184
  • Francophone 7, 118–132, 134, 137–141
  • French 1, 7, 25, 31, 36, 44, 54, 57, 66, 95–96, 118–132, 137–139, 141, 165, 167, 169, 187, 195, 197, 199, 218, 227
  • French immersion 120–124, 126, 129, 131, 139
  • French as a Second Language (FSL) 7, 118–121, 125–128, 130, 132, 134–139, 141
  • Full Competence Hypothesis42
  • Full Transfer hypothesis 34, 38

G

  • gender:
    • gender agreement 29, 54, 57, 61, 63, 94, 96, 110, 166
    • gender assignment 54, 59, 61, 66, 68, 88–90, 93, 95, 98, 103–104, 106–107, 111
    • gender feature 5, 54–55, 57, 60–61, 63, 67–68, 71, 73, 80–83
    • gender marking 6, 54–55 80–83, 89–96, 98–100, 103–112
    • (see also feminine, masculine, neuter)
  • generative 3–4, 18, 36–37, 39, 42–43, 47–48, 63
  • genitive 247, 252–254, 259–262 ; (see also Saxon genitive)
  • German 4–6, 16, 25, 27–28, 30–36, 38–39, 41, 44–45, 54, 62, 67, 69–71, 88–103, 109–112, 169, 187, 193–196, 199, 227, 231, 247, 263
  • Germanic 217, 226
  • grammatical complexity 11, 41, 65–66 ; (see also complexity)
  • grammatical theory 1, 26, 36–37, 39, 42, 46
  • grammaticality judgment167
  • Greek 96–97, 234

H

  • head-final 32, 34–35, 38
  • head-initial 30, 35, 38
  • Headedness parameter36
  • Hebrew97
  • heritage language (HL) 6, 88–89, 97, 99, 109–110, 112
  • heritage speaker (HS) 6, 88–90, 98–100, 146, 151, 155, 157
  • hierarchical 28–30, 32, 35, 264
  • hits 207, 213 ; (see also Signal Detection Theory (SDT))
  • Hungarian 194, 234
  • hybrid system48

I

  • ideal speaker-hearer 4, 18–20
  • implicit:
    • implicit acquisition193
    • implicit corrective feedback163 (see also corrective feedback)
    • implicit instruction146 (see also instruction)
    • implicit knowledge 4, 23, 163, 178, 186, 215
    • implicit learning 193, 195, 197, 215
  • incidental exposure215
  • incidental learning215
  • Indo European234
  • inductive learning 22, 37–38, 46, 48
  • infinitive 130, 186 ; (see also for-to infinitive)
  • information structure 10, 227
  • innate 4, 22–24, 46–47, 63–64
  • input 2–5, 9–10, 22, 30, 41, 46–47, 59, 64–65, 67, 97–98, 122, 124–126, 131, 140, 148, 152, 162–164, 168–169, 176, 184, 193–201, 203–206, 208–209, 213–214, 218–219, 226–227, 232, 234–235, 239–241, 251, 263
  • Input Generalization (IG) 64–65, 68, 95
  • instruction 7–8, 24, 128, 144, 146, 148–153, 156–158, 162–165, 191, 193–195, 219, 227, 236 ; (see also explicit instruction, implicit instruction)
  • instructional treatment 169, 177, 187
  • Interaction Hypothesis164
  • interface 89, 263
  • intergroup hierarchy 120, 125–126, 132–133, 135–137
  • interlanguage156
  • internal merge (IM)246 (see also Merge)
  • interrogative 28, 145, 150, 152, 155 ; (see also wh-question, yes-no question)
  • intonation 7–8, 144–152, 155–158
  • Italian 5–6, 44, 54–63, 66–73, 76–83, 89, 96, 169, 187
  • item-based learning97
  • iterative 11, 246, 252, 261

J

  • Japanese 8, 166–167, 169, 185, 187, 199, 234

K

  • knowledge consolidation168
  • knowledge internalization 168, 184
  • knowledge modification 168, 184
  • Korean199

L

  • language acquisition device (LAD) 22, 26, 29–32, 36, 39, 48
  • language balance 55, 67
  • language dominance 69, 89, 96, 125
  • language impairment 199, 232, 234
  • language processor 2, 47, 230
  • language-making capacity (LMC) 23–24, 26, 33
  • Last-Member Principle 92, 111
  • learnability theory2
  • learning mechanisms 2–3, 22, 43, 47, 195
  • learning problem 1–4, 7, 11, 47, 141
  • lexical decision task193
  • L2 Intonation Learning theory (LILt) 7, 149, 156–157
  • linguistic theory 3, 11, 18, 21–22, 26, 29, 39, 41–42, 46
  • loanword 59, 90, 204
  • locative 8–9, 11, 162–163, 167–170, 172–179, 184, 186–188, 245, 248, 251, 255, 257, 262
  • longitudinal 6, 30, 44–45, 48, 69, 88, 93–94, 220, 235

M

  • macrodialect 8, 146–148, 150–153, 155–157 ; (see also dialect)
  • macroparameter 64–65
  • macro-processes 168, 184
  • majority community 120, 137
  • majority language 6, 89–90, 99, 109–110, 112, 118
  • Mandarin 36, 195–197, 199, 218
  • markedness 5, 64–65, 67–68, 81, 89, 123
  • masculine 55–63, 73, 76–79, 90–95, 97, 104–106, 108–112, 197
  • mean length of utterance (MLU) 31, 62, 67, 69–70, 102
  • Merge 11, 246–247, 249, 251, 263 ; (see also external merge (EM), internal merge (IM))
  • mesoparameter 64–65
  • Metrical Segmentation Strategy (MSS) 193, 197, 217
  • microparameters 64–65
  • Minimal Sonority Distance (MSD)198
  • Minimalist 36, 63, 246
  • minority community 121–123, 137
  • minority language 6, 99, 110, 112
  • misformation179
  • misses 194, 207, 213 ; (see also Signal Detection Theory (SDT))
  • Missing Surface Inflection Hypothesis (MSIH) 43–46
  • modality44
  • modeling 157, 177
  • models 5, 8–9, 20, 42, 162–168, 172–174, 176–177, 180–188, 192, 207–208, 257–258
  • modification 11–12, 168, 184, 227–229, 235–238, 240, 245–246, 248–249, 251–254, 257, 261
  • modifier 246, 250, 256
  • monolingual 6, 17, 26, 31, 55, 61–63, 67, 81, 88–90, 93, 95–96, 98–100, 109–111, 125, 194, 232
  • Monosyllabic Place Holders (MPHs)62
  • multilingualism69
  • multiple-choice 162, 168, 170–171, 178–184, 186, 216

N

  • nanoparameters 64–65
  • Natural Approach164
  • naturalistic 6, 24, 48, 88, 93, 163, 193
  • negation 165, 167, 232
  • negative evidence 3, 8, 37, 162–166, 181, 184–185
  • neuter 90–92, 94–96, 104–112, 197
  • Norwegian89
  • noticing 40, 163, 168
  • number 2, 5–6, 30, 44, 55, 57, 59–62, 66, 68, 80–82, 91, 103, 172, 175
    • number agreement 29, 62, 166–167
    • number feature 55, 57, 62–63
    • number marking 71, 80
    • (see also plural, singular)

O

  • omission 5, 54–55, 61–63, 69, 71, 73, 75–77, 79–82, 93, 98, 103–108, 111
  • oral picture description 162, 167–168, 171, 178–184, 186
  • overgeneralization 76, 94, 96, 98, 111–112

P

  • parameter 5, 30, 35–38, 41, 55, 63–68, 246, 254
    • parameter hierarchy 55, 63–67
    • parameter taxonomy 55, 65, 68
    • parameterized 5, 36, 38, 46
    • parameter (re)setting 1, 5, 37–38, 64
    • Parameter Theory 30, 35, 37, 41
    • parametric 37, 63–65 ; (see also Adjunction parameter, Headedness parameter, Proper Government parameter, principles and parameters, V2 parameter)
  • part-whole 245, 247, 263
  • perception 3, 7, 144–146, 148–150, 155, 158, 217–218
  • Persian234
  • person 7, 30, 44–46, 66, 130, 231, 235
  • phonotactic 9–10, 191–195, 197, 199–208, 211–213, 215–216, 218–219
  • plural 5–7, 40, 55–56, 58–62, 66, 71–73, 76–78, 91, 97, 103, 108, 118, 121, 130, 135–136, 140, 170
  • Polish 17, 81, 97, 194–195, 197, 218, 234
  • Portuguese 44, 199
  • positive evidence 3, 8, 163–166, 168
  • possessive 11, 90, 103, 245, 247–248, 251–256, 259–263
  • primary linguistic data (PLD) 22–23, 26, 28–30, 32, 37–38, 47, 64–65
  • priming254
  • primitives1
  • principle 19, 22–23, 26, 30–33, 35–36, 41–43, 46, 48, 63–64, 68
  • principles and parameters 36, 64 ; (see also principle, parameter)
  • Processability Theory (PT) 10–11, 230–235, 238–240
  • processing 2–3, 5, 11, 23, 32–33, 41, 45, 47, 64, 90, 163, 168, 192, 218, 230–232, 263–264
    • processing procedures 7, 10, 230–231
    • processor 2, 47, 169, 230
  • production 9, 11–12, 48, 68, 72, 75–77, 79–80, 98, 144, 146, 149, 156, 158, 162, 164, 167–169, 171–172, 174–175, 177, 184–185, 218, 230, 232, 249, 252–253, 262
  • production task 9, 174–175, 177
  • prompt 165, 167, 253–254
  • Proper Government parameter36
  • property problem22
  • prosodic 7, 150, 191, 218
  • prosody 144, 191, 193–194, 200

Q

  • quality:
    • of errors111
    • of exposure3
    • of input67
  • quantity:
    • of exposure3
    • of input67

R

  • raising 30–32, 35, 43
  • recast 8, 165–167, 185
  • recursion 11, 245–248, 250, 252–254, 256–258, 260, 262–264
    • recursive modification 12, 246, 248, 253–254, 257
    • recursive structure 11–12, 247–249, 251–252, 256, 264
  • reflexive 1, 123, 137–138, 141
  • reformulation 165–166, 174, 229
  • relational nouns 11, 247, 255–256
  • relative clause (RC) 232, 249, 251–252, 256, 259–260
  • reliability coefficient179
  • repetition 146, 166–167, 185–186, 229, 238, 256, 258, 264
  • representational problem 1, 11, 246
  • Romance 34, 60, 67, 94, 96, 110–111, 247
  • Russian 9–10, 61, 81, 94, 97, 99, 191–192, 197–202, 204, 206–207, 211–214, 216–219, 248

S

  • saliency48
  • salient 30, 229
  • Saxon genitive 246, 249–250, 252, 254, 263
  • segment 9–10, 92, 191–193, 195, 204, 216
  • segmentation 2, 9, 191, 193–197, 200, 204, 214, 216–217, 219
  • semantic bootstrapping 11, 251 ; (see also bootstrapping)
  • semantic roles232
  • Semitic234
  • sensitivity 95, 97, 191, 193, 205, 207, 218–219
  • sequential modification248
  • shared words identification task 204, 206–209, 219
  • Signal Detection Theory (SDT)207 (see also correct rejections, false alarms, hits, misses)
  • simplification 226, 228–230
  • simplified registers 227–229, 234
  • singular 5–6, 45, 55–60, 62, 66, 71–73, 76–78, 90–91, 103, 107, 121, 130
  • Slavic 199, 216–217
  • sociolinguistic 123, 129, 141, 150, 227
  • Sonority Sequencing Principle (SSP)198
  • Spanish 7–8, 36, 44, 57, 59, 83, 89, 96, 98, 144–158, 166–167, 169, 185, 187, 194, 199, 227–228, 234
  • specifier 246, 252
  • speech stream 191–193, 195–196, 219
  • stagnation 6, 88, 90, 99–100, 104, 109, 112
  • statistical learning 196, 263
  • stress 57, 59, 166, 193–194, 196, 198–200, 206, 208, 217–219 ; (see also strong-weak stress pattern, weak-strong stress pattern)
  • strong-weak stress pattern 9, 192–193, 197, 199–203, 206, 212, 217 ; (see also stress, weak-strong stress pattern)
  • Structure Building Hypothesis41
  • structure dependency29
  • subject-verb inversion 34–35, 229–232, 234, 237–240
  • subordinate clause 28, 31–32, 34–36, 38, 228, 230–231, 234, 237
  • suppliance in obligatory contexts (SOC)179
  • surface position29
  • Swahili36
  • Swedish 10–11, 226–236, 238–240
  • syllable weight 59, 192
  • syntactic bootstrapping251 (see also bootstrapping)

T

  • Teacher Talk 10, 227–228, 235, 238–239
  • tense 30–32, 44, 226
  • third person plural (3PL) 7, 118, 120–122, 130–131, 134–140
  • topic 229, 235
  • topicalization 1, 166–167, 185, 230, 232–233, 239–240
  • transfer 24, 33–34, 37–38, 149–150, 156, 196–197
  • transitional competence 25, 33
  • trigger 16, 23, 25, 30, 37–38, 40, 59–60, 204, 237–238, 263
  • truth value judgement task253
  • Turkish 8–9, 34, 97, 162–163, 165, 168–172, 177–180, 184, 186–188, 234

U

  • underspecification 6, 91, 93, 95
  • unified (acquisition) theory 4, 17, 23, 41
  • unilingual 120, 122–123
  • universal grammar (UG) 5, 22–23, 29–33, 35–38, 43, 47–48, 63–64
  • universal 1, 22–23, 29–30, 40, 46, 219–220, 230
  • usage-based 29, 31
  • utterance identification task151

V

  • V2 parameter38
  • verb placement 4, 16, 27, 31, 33, 39
  • verb-second (V2) 10, 28–29, 31–34, 37–38, 226–227, 232, 234–235, 237, 241
  • visual information processing2
  • vocative108

W

  • weak language 54, 62, 67, 69, 79, 83
  • weak-strong stress pattern 9–10, 191–193, 197, 199–203, 212, 217 ; (see also stress, strong-weak stress pattern)
  • Welsh199
  • wh-question 8, 144–147, 149–157, 255 ; (see also interrogative)
  • word learning 2, 215
  • word order 7, 10–11, 30–33, 35, 38, 41, 145–147, 152, 197, 226–241
  • word recognition task 9, 205–207, 210–218

Y

  • yes-no question 8, 28, 144–157 ; (see also interrogative)
  • Yiddish36

Z

  • Zweitspracherwerb italienischer und spanischer Arbeiter (ZISA) 44–45