Part of
A Corpus Stylistics Approach to Contemporary Present-tense Narrative
Reiko Ikeo, Eri Shigematsu and Masayuki Nakao
[Linguistic Approaches to Literature 43] 2024
► pp. 260266
Adiga, A. 2008. The White Tiger. New York: Free Press.Google Scholar
Aijmer, K. 2002. English Discourse Particles: Evidence from a Corpus. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Allen, R. 1966. The Verb System of Present-day American English. Berlin: Mouton.Google Scholar
Anthony, L. 2019. AntConc (Version 358) [Computer Software]. Tokyo, Japan: Waseda University.Google Scholar
Archer, D. & Bousfield, D. 2010. ‘See better, Lear?’ See Lear better! A corpus-based pragma-stylistic investigation of Shakespeare’s King Lear. In Language and Style, D. McIntyre & B. Busse (eds), 183–203. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Archer, D. & Gillings, M. 2020. Depictions of deception: A corpus-based analysis of five Shakespearean characters. Language and Literature 29(3): 246–274. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Atwood, M. 1998 [1986]. The Handmaid’s Tale. New York: Anchor Books.Google Scholar
Austen, J. 2004 [1813]. Pride and Prejudice. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Avanessian, A. & Hennig, A. 2015. Present Tense: A Poetics. London and New York: Bloomsbury.Google Scholar
Bache, C. 1986. Tense and aspect in fiction. Journal of Literary Semantics 15(2): 82–97. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Baker, P. 2009. The question is, how cruel is it? Keywords, fox hunting and the House of Commons. In What’s in a Word-list?, D. Archer (ed), 125–136. Farnham: Ashgate Publishing Limited.Google Scholar
2017. American and British English: Divided by a Common Language? Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Banfield, A. 1981. Reflective and non-reflective consciousness in the language of fiction. Poetics Today 2(2): 61–76. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
1982. Unspeakable Sentences: Narration and Representation in the Language of Fiction. Boston, London, Melbourne and Henley: Routledge & Kegan Paul.Google Scholar
Barnes, J. 2005. Arthur and George. London: Jonathan Cape.Google Scholar
Barry, P. 2002. Beginning Theory: An Introduction to Literary and Cultural Theory. Manchester: Manchester University Press.Google Scholar
Bauer, B. 2018. Snap. London: Black Swan.Google Scholar
Beckwith, S. L. & Reed, J. R. 2002. Impounding the future: some uses of the present tense in Dickens and Collins. Dickens Studies Annual 32: 299–318.Google Scholar
Bellos, D. M. 1978. The narrative absolute tense. Language and Style 11: 231–237.Google Scholar
Benvenist, E. 1971. Problems in General Linguistics. Coral Gables, Florida: University of Miami Press.Google Scholar
Biber, D. 1988. Variation across Speech and Writing. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
1990. Methodological issues regarding corpus-based analyses of linguistic variation. Literary and Linguistic Computing 5(4) 257–269. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
1993. Representativeness in Corpus Design. Literary and Linguistic Computing 8(4): 243–257. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
2006. University Language: A Corpus-based Study of Spoken and Written Registers. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
2014. The ubiquitous oral versus literate dimension: a survey of multidimensional studies. In Measured Language: Quantitative Studies of Acquisition, Assessment, and Variation, J. Connor-Linton & L. W. Amoroso (eds), 1–20. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press.Google Scholar
Biber, D. Conrad, S. & Cortes, V. 2004. If you look at …: lexical bundles in university teaching and textbooks. Applied Linguistics 25(3): 371–405. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Biber, D., Johansson, S., Leech, G., Conrad, S. & Finegan, E. 1999. Longman Grammar of Spoken and Written English. Harlow: Pearson Education.Google Scholar
Brinton, L. 1980. ‘Represented perception’: a study in narrative style. Poetics 9(4): 363–381. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
1992. The historical present in Charlotte Brontë’s novels: some discourse functions. Style 26(2): 221–244.Google Scholar
Bronzwaer, W. 1970. Tense in the Novel: An Investigation of Some Potentialities of Linguistic Criticism. Groningen: Wolters-Noordhoff.Google Scholar
Burrows, J. F. 1987. Computation into Criticism: A Study of Jane Austen’s Novels and an Experiment in Method. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Bühler, K. 2011 [1934] Theory of Language: The Representational Function of Language. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins.DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Busse, B. 2020. Speech, Writing, and Thought Presentation in 19th-century Narrative Fiction: A Corpus-assisted Approach. Oxford: Oxford University Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Carter, R. & McCarthy, M. 2006. Cambridge Grammar of English: A Comprehensive Guide. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Casparis, P. 1975. Tense without Time: The Present Tense in Narration. Bern: Franke.Google Scholar
Chatman, S. 1978. Story and Discourse: Narrative Structure in Fiction and Film. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Ciment, J. 2019. The Body in Question. New York: Vintage Books.Google Scholar
Coetzee, J. M. 2004 [1980]. Waiting for the Barbarians. London: Vintage.Google Scholar
Cohn, D. 1978. Transparent Minds: Narrative Modes for Presenting Consciousness in Fiction. Princeton: Princeton University Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
1999. The Distinction of Fiction. Baltimore and London: The Johns Hopkins University Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Comrie, B. 1985. Tense. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Culpeper, J. 2009. Keyness: words, parts-of-speech and semantic categories in the character-talk of Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet. International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 14(1): 29–59. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Currie, M. 2007. About Time: Narrative, Fiction and the Philosophy of Time. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.Google Scholar
Damsteegt, T. 2004. The Present Tense in Modern Hindi Fiction. Groningen: Egbert Forsten. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
2005. The present tense and internal focalization of awareness. Poetics Today, 26(1): 39–78. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Defoe, D. 2008 [1719]. Robinson Crusoe. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
2011 [1722]. Moll Flanders. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Dickens, C. 1999 [1838]. Oliver Twist. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
2008 [1848]. Dombey and Son. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
2008 [1852]. Bleak House. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
2008 [1865]. Our Mutual Friend. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
2009 [1870]. The Mystery of Edwin Drood. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Faulkner, W. 2004 [1930]. As I Lay Dying. London: Vintage.Google Scholar
Fehr, B. 1938. Substitutionary narration and description: a chapter in stylistics. English Studies 20: 97 – 107. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Fielding, H. 2008 [1749]. Tom Jones. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Fischer-Starcke, B. 2009. Keywords and frequent phrases of Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice. International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 14(4): 492–523. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Fleischman, S. 1990. Tense and Narrativity: From Medieval Performance to Modern Fiction. Austin: University of Texas Press.Google Scholar
1991. Toward a theory of tense-aspect in narrative discourse. In The Functions of Tense in Texts, J. Gvozdanović, T. Janssen & Ö. Dahl (eds), 75–97. Amsterdam: North-Holland.Google Scholar
Fludernik, M. 1991 The historical present tense yet again: tense switching and narrative dynamics in oral and quasi-oral storytelling. Text 11(3): 365–398.Google Scholar
1992 The historical present tense in English literature: an oral pattern and its literary adaptation. Language and Literature 17: 77–107.Google Scholar
1993. The Fictions of Language and the Languages of Fiction: The Linguistic Representation of Speech and Consciousness. London and New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
1996. Towards a ‘Natural’ Narratology. London and New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
2003. Chronology, time, tense and experientiality in narrative. Language and Literature 12(2): 117–134. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Galgut, D. 2021. The Promise. London: Chatto & Windus.Google Scholar
Gebauer, C. 2021. Making Time: World Construction in the Present-tense Novel. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter.Google Scholar
Gelder, K. 2004. Popular Fiction: The Logics and Practices of a Literary Field. London and New York: Routledge. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Genette, G. 1980. Narrative Discourse: An Essay in Method. New York: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Givón, T. 1978. Negation in language: pragmatics, function and ontology. In Syntax and Semantics 9: Pragmatics, P. Cole (ed), 69–112. New York: Academic Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
2001. Syntax: An Introduction, Vol.1. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Glover, D. & McCracken, S. 2012. Introduction. In The Cambridge Companion to Popular Fiction, D. Glover and S. McCracken (eds), 1–14. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Hamburger, K. 1973. The Logic of Literature. Bloomington and London: Indiana University Press.Google Scholar
Heller, J. 2004 [1961]. Catch-22. London: Vintage.Google Scholar
Hemingway, E. 1995 [1933]. ‘A Clean, Well-Lighted Place’. In The Snows of Kilimanjaro and Other Stories, 32–37. New York: Scribner.Google Scholar
Hernadi, P. 1972. Dual perspective: free indirect discourse and related techniques. Comparative Literature 24(1): 32 – 43. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Hidalgo-Downing, L. 2000. Negation, Text Worlds, and Discourse: The Pragmatics of Fiction. Stamford, Connecticut: Ablex Publishing.Google Scholar
Huber, I. 2016. Present Tense Narration in Contemporary Fiction: A Narratological Overview. London: Palgrave Macmillan. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Ikeo, R. 2001. The positions of reporting clauses of speech presentation with special reference to the Lancaster Speech, Thought and Writing Presentation Corpus. In Proceedings of the Corpus Linguistics 2001 Conference, P. Rayson, A. Wilson, T. McEnery, A. Hardie & S. Khoja, (eds), 281–288. University Centre for Computer Corpus Research on Language, Lancaster University.
2007. Unambiguous free indirect discourse? a comparison between “straightforward” free indirect speech and thought presentation and cases ambiguous with narration. Language and Literature 16(4): 367–387. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
2019. ‘Colloquialization’ in fiction: a corpus-driven analysis of present-tense fiction. Language and Literature 28(3): 280–304. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
2022. A categorisation of direct speech in contemporary fiction. Senshu Review of International Communication 1(1) 35–47.Google Scholar
2023. Contemporary present-tense fiction: crossing boundaries in narrative. Language and Literature 32(1) 98–128. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Jauss, D. 2011. On Writing Fiction: Rethinking Conventional Wisdom about the Craft. Cincinnati: Writer’s Digest Books.Google Scholar
Joyce, J. 1986 [1922]. Ulysses. New York: Vintage Books.Google Scholar
Karunatilaka, S. 2022. The Seven Moons of Maali Almeida. London: Sort of Books.Google Scholar
Kenning, M. M. 2010. What are parallel and comparable corpora and how can use them? In The Routledge Handbook of Corpus Linguistics, A. O’Keefe & M. McCarthy (eds), 487–500. London and New York: Routledge. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Kilgarriff, A. 2009. Simple maths for keywords. In Proceedings of Corpus Linguistics Conference CL2009, M. Mahlberg, V. González-Díaz & C. Smith (eds), University of Liverpool.
Kilgarriff, A., Baisa, V., Bušta, J., Jakubíček, M., Kovář, V., Michelfeit, J., Rychlý, P. & Baisa, V. S. 2014. The Sketch Engine: ten years on. Lexicography, 1: 7–36. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Labov, W. 1972. Language in the Inner City: Studies in the Black English Vernacular. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.Google Scholar
Lee, D. A. 1991. Categories in the description of just. Lingua 83: 43–66. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Leech, G. N., Hundt, M., Mair, C. & Smith, N. I. 2012 [2009]. Change in Contemporary English: A Grammatical Study. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Leech, G. & Short, M. 1981. Style in Fiction: A Linguistic Introduction to English Fictional Prose. London and New York: Longman.Google Scholar
2007. Style in Fiction: A Linguistic Introduction to English Fictional Prose Second Edition. Harlow: Pearson Education.Google Scholar
Lucy, J. A. 1993. Reflexive language and the human disciplines. In Reflexive Language: Reported Speech and Metapragmatics, J. A. Lucy (ed), 9–32. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Lyons, J. 1977. Semantics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Machado, C. M. 2020 [2019]. In the Dream House. London: Serpent’s Tail.Google Scholar
Mahlberg, M. 2013. Corpus Stylistics and Dickens’s Fiction. New York and London: Routledge. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
McEnery, T. 2006. Swearing in English: Bad Language, Purity and Power from 1586 to the Present. London and New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
McIntyre, D., Bellard-Thomson, C., Heywood, J., McEnery, T., Semino, E. & Short, M. 2004. Investigating the presentation of speech, writing and thought in spoken British English: a corpus-based approach. ICAME Journal 28: 49–76.Google Scholar
McIntyre, D. & Walker, B. 2011. Discourse presentation in Early Modern English writing: A preliminary corpus-based investigation. International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 16(1): 101–130. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Mitchell, B. 1976. James Joyce and the German Novel 1922–1933. Athens, Ohio: Ohio University Press.Google Scholar
Murphy, B. 2017. Key Concepts in Contemporary Popular Fiction. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Nash, W. 2021 [1990]. Language in Popular Fiction. London and New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
O’Keeffe, A., McCarthy, M., & Carter, R. 2007. From Corpus to Classroom: Language Use and Language Teaching. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Pallarés-García, E. 2012. Narrated perception revisited: the case of Jane Austen’s Emma. Language and Literature 21(2): 170 – 188. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Palmer, A. 2004. Fictional Minds. Lincoln and London: University of Nebraska Press.Google Scholar
Pascal, R. 1962. Tense and novel. The Modern Language Review 57(1): 1–11. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Pratchett T. 2022 [1996]. Hogfather. London: Penguin.Google Scholar
Pynchon, T. 1973. Gravity’s Rainbow. New York: Viking Press.Google Scholar
Quirk, R., Greenbaum, S., Leech, G. & Svartvik, J. 1985. A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language. London and New York: Longman.Google Scholar
Rayson, P. 2008. From key words to key semantic domains. International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 13(4); 519–549. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Richardson, S. 1972 [1753]. The History of Sir Charles Grandison. London: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
1985 [1748]. Clarissa. London: Penguin Books.Google Scholar
Ricoeur, P. 1984. Time and Narrative, vol. 1. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Robbe-Grillet, A. 2017 [1957] Jealousy, R. Howard (trans) Richmond, Surrey: Calder Publications.Google Scholar
Robert, L. 2010. Philp Pullman and Philip Hensher criticise Booker Prize for including present tense novels. The Telegraph, September 11. [URL]Google Scholar
Robertson, R. 2018. The Long Take. London: Picador.Google Scholar
Rock, I. 1984. Perception. New York: Scientific American Books.Google Scholar
Ross, S. 1975. Shapes of time and consciousness in As I Lay Dying. Texas Studies in Literature and Language 16(4): 723–737.Google Scholar
Rundquist, E. 2017. Free Indirect Style in Modernism: Representations of Consciousness. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Ryan, M -L. 1991. Possible Worlds, Artificial Intelligence, and Narrative Theory. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press.Google Scholar
Saunders, G. 2017. Lincoln in the Bardo. New York: Random House.Google Scholar
Scholes, R. 1980. Language, narrative, and anti-narrative. Critical Inquiry 7(1): 204–212. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Scholes, R., Phelan, J. & Kellogg, R. 2006. The Nature of Narrative: Fortieth Anniversary Edition, Revised and Expanded. Oxford: Oxford University Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Scott, M. 1997. PC analysis of key words – and key key words. System 25(2):233–245. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
2016. WordSmith Tools version 7, Stroud: Lexical Analysis Software.Google Scholar
Scott, M. and Tribble, C. 2006. Textual Patterns: Key words and Corpus Analysis in Language Education. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Semino, E. & Short, M. 2004. Corpus Stylistics: Speech, Writing and Thought Presentation in a Corpus of English Writing. London and New York: Routledge. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Shigematsu, E. 2018. The language of experience: representations of perception in the novel. Studies in Modern English 34: 27–34.Google Scholar
2022a. How do characters perceive their world? Representation of perception from traditional past-tense narrative to contemporary present-tense narrative. Journal of Literary Semantics 51(1): 37–53. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
2022b. Is it narration or experience? The narrative effects of present-tense narration in Ali Smith’s How to Be Both. Language and Literature 31(2): 227–242. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Shigematsu, E., Ikeo, R., & Nakao, M. forthcoming. Ambiguity between narration and thought presentation in present-tense novels: as stylistic evidence for the deconstructed story and discourse. In Linguistic and Stylistic Approaches to Speech, Thought and Writing in English: Diachronic and Synchronic, O. Imahayashi, M. Ogura & Y. Nakao (eds). Bern: Peter Lang.
Short, M. 1988. Speech presentation, the novel and the press. In The Taming of the Text: Explorations in Language, Literature and Culture, W. van Peer (ed), 61–81. London and New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
2007. Thought presentation twenty-five years on. Style 41(2): 225–241.Google Scholar
Sinclair, J. 2004. Trust the Text: Language, Corpus and Discourse. London and New York: Routledge. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Sotirova, V. 2011. D.H. Lawrence and Narrative Viewpoint. London: Continuum.Google Scholar
2013. Consciousness in Modernist Fiction: A Stylistic Study. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Stanzel, F. K. 1984. A Theory of Narrative. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Stubbs, M. 2005. Conrad in the computer: examples of quantitative stylistic methods. Language and Literature 14(1): 5–24. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Talmy, L. 2000. Toward a Cognitive Semantics. Volume I, Concept Structuring Systems. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Toolan, M. 1983. The functioning of progressive verbal forms in the narrative of Go Down, Moses. Language and Style 16(2): 211–230.Google Scholar
2001. Narrative: A Critical Linguistic Introduction, Second Edition. London and New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
2009. Narrative Progression in the Short Story: A Corpus Stylistic Approach. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
van Peer, W. 1986. Pulp and purpose: stylistic analysis as an aid to a theory of texts. In Linguistics and the Study of Literature, T. D’Haen (ed), 268–287. Amsterdam: Rodopi. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Watt, I. 1957. The Rise of the Novel: Studies in Defoe, Richardson and Fielding. London: Chatto & Windus.Google Scholar
Weinrich, H. 1970. Tense and time. Archivum Linguisticum 1: 31 – 41.Google Scholar
Woolf, V. 2000 [1925]. Mrs. Dalloway. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Wright, S. 1987. Tense meanings as styles in fictional narrative: present tense use in J.M. Coetzee’s In the Heart of the Country. Poetics 16: 53–73. DOI logoGoogle Scholar
Zyngier, S. 2008. Macbeth through the computer: literary evaluation and pedagogical implications. In The Quality of Literature: Linguistic Studies in Literary Evaluation, W. van Peer (ed), 169–190. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins. DOI logoGoogle Scholar