Chapter 20
Latin literature on the “discovery” of America
The paper examines some aspects of the cultural impact of the Discovery of America on
European Latin literary production. The difficulties of linguistic communication between European travelers
and Native Americans and the solutions adopted in terms of language and vocabulary in the Decades de
orbe novo of Peter Martyr of Anghiera are analyzed; in this text some themes are already present
that will live on in the Latin epic literature with “Columbian” themes in the sixteenth century, such as the
Syphilis by Girolamo Fracastoro, the De navigatione Christophori Columbi
by Lorenzo Gambara and the Columbeis by Giulio Cesare Stella. Particular attention is
dedicated to the progressive identification of Columbus with the Virgil’s Aeneas (as well as of the oceanic
journey with the wanderings of Aeneas in the Mediterranean Sea), and to the birth of the myth of the “noble
savage” in relation to the projection of the classical myth of the aurea aetas on the simple
and gentle life of Native Americans.
Keywords: discovery of America, linguistic communication, European travelers, Native Americans, Peter Martyr of Anghiera, Latin “Columbian” epic, sixteenth century, Aeneas, classical myth, “noble savage”, aurea aetas