583029771 03 01 01 JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 JB code CoLL 60 Eb 15 9789027246967 06 10.1075/coll.60 13 2024008113 DG 002 02 01 CoLL 02 2542-7059 Contact Language Library 60 01 coll.60 01 https://benjamins.com 02 https://benjamins.com/catalog/coll.60 1 B01 Bertus van Rooy van Rooy, Bertus Bertus van Rooy University of Amsterdam & North-West University 2 B01 Haidee Kotze Kotze, Haidee Haidee Kotze Utrecht University & North-West University 01 eng 299 vi 293 LAN009050 v.2006 CFDM 2 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.CONT Contact Linguistics 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.HL Historical linguistics 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.BIL Multilingualism 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.SOCIO Sociolinguistics and Dialectology 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.THEOR Theoretical linguistics 06 01 <i>Constraints on Language Variation and Change in Complex Multilingual Contact Settings</i> explores an innovative proposal: that linguistic similarities identified in different forms of contact-influenced varieties of language use (including translation, native and non-native varieties of English, and language use of bilinguals more generally) can be accounted for in a coherent framework grounded in the notion of ‘constrained communication’. These varieties have hitherto been studied in independent scholarly traditions, especially translation studies and world Englishes, leaving the potential underlying unity underexplored, both conceptually and empirically. <br />The chapters collected in this volume aim to develop such a unified perspective by drawing on corpus data across a range of languages and language varieties, with a focus on written language, a neglected data source in research on multilingual contact settings. The findings point to shared general characteristics across individual contact settings, which result from (probabilistically conditioned) manifestations of the same deeper regularities – constraints – present in diverse language-contact settings. <br /> 04 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475/coll.60.png 04 03 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027214751.jpg 04 03 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_tif/9789027214751.tif 06 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_front/coll.60.hb.png 07 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/125/coll.60.png 25 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_back/coll.60.hb.png 27 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/coll.60.hb.png 10 01 JB code coll.60.toc v vi 2 Table of contents 1 10 01 JB code coll.60.01kot 1 28 28 Chapter 2 1 A01 Haidee Kotze Kotze, Haidee Haidee Kotze University of Amsterdam | North-West University 2 A01 Bertus van Rooy van Rooy, Bertus Bertus van Rooy University of Amsterdam | North-West University 20 constrained language 20 language contact 20 second language 20 translated language 20 usage-based model 01 This introductory chapter sketches an overview of the origins of and background to the constrained language (or constrained communication) framework that informs this volume. It outlines the five constraint dimensions identified in the framework, and the usage-based theoretical grounding of the framework. Subsequently, each chapter in the volume is situated within the framework, highlighting how each study contributes to the further development of the framework. The chapter concludes with some brief reflections on methodological challenges for the study of constrained language. 10 01 JB code coll.60.02ros 29 57 29 Chapter 3 1 A01 Anette Rosenbach Rosenbach, Anette Anette Rosenbach North-West University 2 A01 Johanita Kirsten Kirsten, Johanita Johanita Kirsten North-West University 20 Afrikaans genitives/possessives 20 animacy 20 English genitives/possessives 20 genitive variation 20 language contact 20 register 01 This chapter focuses on the historical development of genitive variation in White South African English (WSAfE), taking into consideration the longstanding English–Afrikaans contact situation in South Africa and the similarities between the constructions in English and Afrikaans. On the basis of a diachronic comparative study of WSAfE and Afrikaans (with British English functioning as a baseline) we aim to assess if and how the close contact between these two languages in South Africa has constrained the choice of genitive construction with non-animate possessors in WSAfE over the past 100 years. Overall, our analysis suggests that the development of genitive variation has run in tandem in the two languages, with both languages affecting each other over time. We also find that these cross-linguistic influence effects are mediated by register. 10 01 JB code coll.60.03red 58 86 29 Chapter 4 1 A01 Karien Redelinghuys Redelinghuys, Karien Karien Redelinghuys North-West University 20 Afrikaans 20 corpus-based translation studies 20 genitive variation 20 language change 20 language contact 20 South African English 20 translation-induced language change 01 Languages are constantly changing, and language contact has been identified as an important factor that contributes to language change. Even though translation is a form of language contact, it has hardly been considered as a factor in contact-induced language change. Against this background, this chapter investigates the potential role of translation in language change in Afrikaans and South African English using a bidirectional comparable and parallel corpus with synchronic and diachronic components. The investigation focuses on genitive variation – a linguistic feature that has been shown to be undergoing change in the two languages as a consequence of language contact. The results show that translation works in tandem with other factors to conventionalise change in terms of genitive preferences. 10 01 JB code coll.60.04par 87 119 33 Chapter 5 1 A01 Maristi Partridge Partridge, Maristi Maristi Partridge North-West University 20 Black South African English (BSAfE) 20 cross-linguistic influence (CLI) 20 first-language English (L1 English) 20 psycholinguistic constraints 20 second-language English (L2 English) 20 sociocognitive constraints 20 that/Ø-alternation 20 verb complementation 20 White South African English (WSAfE) 01 This chapter explores the constraints that play a role in Black South African English (BSAfE) as a second-language (L2) variety of English in terms of the <i>that</i>/Ø-alternation in the verb complementation patterns of BSAfE. Previous research suggests that cross-linguistic influence (CLI) has a significant effect on this feature in BSAfE. This chapter aims to determine how CLI relates to other psycholinguistic and sociocognitive constraints. While BSAfE as an L2 variety demonstrates a lower rate of Ø-complementation than the first-language variety (L1), the findings of this study suggest that the importance of CLI may have been overstated in the literature, and shared constraints operate in both varieties in similar ways. 10 01 JB code coll.60.05gil 120 152 33 Chapter 6 1 A01 Gaëtanelle Gilquin Gilquin, Gaëtanelle Gaëtanelle Gilquin Université catholique de Louvain 20 communicative constraints 20 Hong Kong English 20 Learner Englishes 20 lexical complexity 20 Mainland Chinese English 20 New Englishes 01 This chapter, set within the framework of constrained communication, investigates the linguistic effects, in terms of lexical use, of a number of shared and distinct communicative constraints that are thought to play a role in New Englishes and Learner Englishes. Relying on corpora of spoken Hong Kong English (HKE) and Mainland Chinese English (MCE), as well as native British English as a reference, it adopts a twofold methodology combining automatic measures of lexical complexity and a manual examination of lexical choices in a picture description task. The vocabulary used by HKE speakers appears to be more varied and sophisticated than that of MCE speakers, but otherwise the two groups display similar traces of potential L1 influence and employ the same strategies to compensate for limitations on proficiency. Native speakers’ vocabulary tends to be less complex and less formal, which is explained by their better stylistic awareness and possibly their lower task expertise. 10 01 JB code coll.60.06pen 153 190 38 Chapter 7 1 A01 Laura A. de S. Penha-Marion de S. Penha-Marion, Laura A. Laura A. de S. Penha-Marion Université catholique de Louvain 2 A01 Gaëtanelle Gilquin Gilquin, Gaëtanelle Gaëtanelle Gilquin Université catholique de Louvain 3 A01 Marie-Aude Lefer Lefer, Marie-Aude Marie-Aude Lefer Université catholique de Louvain 20 bilingual language production 20 complexity 20 constrained language 20 lexico-syntactic simplification 20 simplicity 20 student translation 20 translation directionality 01 This chapter reports on an exploratory case study designed to investigate lexico-syntactic simplification in French&#62;&#60;English translations produced by students in two within-subjects language contact settings: Translation from the foreign language (FL) into the first language (L1) (FL&#62;L1 translation) and translation from the L1 into the FL (L1&#62;FL translation). The aim of the study is to determine whether directionality affects student translation production and, if so, how. Lexico-syntactic simplification is operationalised as mean sentence length, root lemma-token ratio, lexical density, and core vocabulary coverage. The results indicate that translation directionality exerts an effect on the distribution of lexical items (lemmas, lexical words, and high-frequency words) in the translations (as compared to their corresponding source texts), with there being more lexical simplification in L1&#62;FL translation than in FL&#62;L1 translation. They reveal, in addition, that student translation production is also impacted by constraints both at the macro level (translation experience) and at the micro level (students’ idiosyncrasies and individual source texts). 10 01 JB code coll.60.07iva 191 222 32 Chapter 8 1 A01 Ilmari Ivaska Ivaska, Ilmari Ilmari Ivaska University of Turku 2 A01 Silvia Bernardini Bernardini, Silvia Silvia Bernardini University of Bologna 3 A01 Adriano Ferraresi Ferraresi, Adriano Adriano Ferraresi University of Bologna 20 constrained language 20 dependency bigrams 20 multidimensional analysis 20 random forests 20 second language 20 translated language 20 Universal Dependencies 01 In this study we explore the common ground between second-language writing and translated language as instances of constrained language use. Our research design involves three languages (English, Finnish, Italian), two constraining languages and two different registers in each of the three languages. These are compared in terms of frequency of syntactic structures (part-of-speech [POS] bigrams), adopting a corpus-driven method combining keyness analysis and multidimensional analysis. No general constrainedness effects that apply irrespective of languages and registers were observed, but our results point to the centrality of the opposition between verbal and nominal orientation for distinguishing constrained from unconstrained varieties. We conclude with suggestions on how our method and findings could lead to a deeper understanding of constrained language use, and be extended to different modes of language production and to language contact research in general. 10 01 JB code coll.60.08neu 223 254 32 Chapter 9 1 A01 Stella Neumann Neumann, Stella Stella Neumann RWTH Aachen University 2 A01 Elma Kerz Kerz, Elma Elma Kerz RWTH Aachen University 3 A01 Arndt Heilmann Heilmann, Arndt Arndt Heilmann RWTH Aachen University 20 constraint dimensions 20 geometric multivariate analysis 20 register 20 second language writing 20 task expertise 20 transfer 20 translation 01 This chapter compares the role of the bilingual text production context in (second language) L2 writing and translation. Although both tasks involve activation of the two languages involved, their influence may differ. To explore this influence against the background of variation along the constraint dimensions, we analyse a corpus of 204 English texts with the help of geometric multivariate analysis based on automatic counts for a range of lexicogrammatical features. The analysis indicates a combined influence of register and expertise and a more subtle effect of the bilingual production context in L2 writing. Although translation involves going back and forth between the source and the target language, translations in our data cluster more with L1 originals in the target language. 10 01 JB code coll.60.09van 255 286 32 Chapter 10 1 A01 Bertus van Rooy van Rooy, Bertus Bertus van Rooy University of Amsterdam | North-West University 2 A01 Haidee Kotze Kotze, Haidee Haidee Kotze University of Amsterdam | North-West University 20 communicative risk management 20 constrained language 20 language contact 20 second language 20 translated language 20 usage-based model 01 This chapter synthesises the findings of the chapters in this volume and takes stock of cumulative insights into constrained communication. It considers the effects of the individual constraint dimensions in respect of their consequences for different aspects of language use, including cross-linguistic influence (CLI), degree of complexity and explicitness, and norm adherence (or conservatism). It also reflects on the interaction of constraints and the implications of the framework for such a hypothetical construct as a constrained variety. Key methodological developments and challenges are outlined alongside a future agenda for the constrained communication research programme. 10 01 JB code coll.60.index 287 293 7 Index 11 02 JBENJAMINS John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 John Benjamins Publishing Company Amsterdam/Philadelphia NL 04 20240620 2024 John Benjamins B.V. 02 WORLD 13 15 9789027214751 01 JB 3 John Benjamins e-Platform 03 jbe-platform.com 09 WORLD 21 01 00 130.00 EUR R 01 00 109.00 GBP Z 01 gen 00 169.00 USD S 147029770 03 01 01 JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 JB code CoLL 60 Hb 15 9789027214751 13 2024008112 BB 01 CoLL 02 2542-7059 Contact Language Library 60 01 coll.60 01 https://benjamins.com 02 https://benjamins.com/catalog/coll.60 1 B01 Bertus van Rooy van Rooy, Bertus Bertus van Rooy University of Amsterdam & North-West University 2 B01 Haidee Kotze Kotze, Haidee Haidee Kotze Utrecht University & North-West University 01 eng 299 vi 293 LAN009050 v.2006 CFDM 2 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.CONT Contact Linguistics 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.HL Historical linguistics 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.BIL Multilingualism 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.SOCIO Sociolinguistics and Dialectology 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.THEOR Theoretical linguistics 06 01 <i>Constraints on Language Variation and Change in Complex Multilingual Contact Settings</i> explores an innovative proposal: that linguistic similarities identified in different forms of contact-influenced varieties of language use (including translation, native and non-native varieties of English, and language use of bilinguals more generally) can be accounted for in a coherent framework grounded in the notion of ‘constrained communication’. These varieties have hitherto been studied in independent scholarly traditions, especially translation studies and world Englishes, leaving the potential underlying unity underexplored, both conceptually and empirically. <br />The chapters collected in this volume aim to develop such a unified perspective by drawing on corpus data across a range of languages and language varieties, with a focus on written language, a neglected data source in research on multilingual contact settings. The findings point to shared general characteristics across individual contact settings, which result from (probabilistically conditioned) manifestations of the same deeper regularities – constraints – present in diverse language-contact settings. <br /> 04 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475/coll.60.png 04 03 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027214751.jpg 04 03 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_tif/9789027214751.tif 06 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_front/coll.60.hb.png 07 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/125/coll.60.png 25 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_back/coll.60.hb.png 27 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/coll.60.hb.png 10 01 JB code coll.60.toc v vi 2 Table of contents 1 10 01 JB code coll.60.01kot 1 28 28 Chapter 2 1 A01 Haidee Kotze Kotze, Haidee Haidee Kotze University of Amsterdam | North-West University 2 A01 Bertus van Rooy van Rooy, Bertus Bertus van Rooy University of Amsterdam | North-West University 20 constrained language 20 language contact 20 second language 20 translated language 20 usage-based model 01 This introductory chapter sketches an overview of the origins of and background to the constrained language (or constrained communication) framework that informs this volume. It outlines the five constraint dimensions identified in the framework, and the usage-based theoretical grounding of the framework. Subsequently, each chapter in the volume is situated within the framework, highlighting how each study contributes to the further development of the framework. The chapter concludes with some brief reflections on methodological challenges for the study of constrained language. 10 01 JB code coll.60.02ros 29 57 29 Chapter 3 1 A01 Anette Rosenbach Rosenbach, Anette Anette Rosenbach North-West University 2 A01 Johanita Kirsten Kirsten, Johanita Johanita Kirsten North-West University 20 Afrikaans genitives/possessives 20 animacy 20 English genitives/possessives 20 genitive variation 20 language contact 20 register 01 This chapter focuses on the historical development of genitive variation in White South African English (WSAfE), taking into consideration the longstanding English–Afrikaans contact situation in South Africa and the similarities between the constructions in English and Afrikaans. On the basis of a diachronic comparative study of WSAfE and Afrikaans (with British English functioning as a baseline) we aim to assess if and how the close contact between these two languages in South Africa has constrained the choice of genitive construction with non-animate possessors in WSAfE over the past 100 years. Overall, our analysis suggests that the development of genitive variation has run in tandem in the two languages, with both languages affecting each other over time. We also find that these cross-linguistic influence effects are mediated by register. 10 01 JB code coll.60.03red 58 86 29 Chapter 4 1 A01 Karien Redelinghuys Redelinghuys, Karien Karien Redelinghuys North-West University 20 Afrikaans 20 corpus-based translation studies 20 genitive variation 20 language change 20 language contact 20 South African English 20 translation-induced language change 01 Languages are constantly changing, and language contact has been identified as an important factor that contributes to language change. Even though translation is a form of language contact, it has hardly been considered as a factor in contact-induced language change. Against this background, this chapter investigates the potential role of translation in language change in Afrikaans and South African English using a bidirectional comparable and parallel corpus with synchronic and diachronic components. The investigation focuses on genitive variation – a linguistic feature that has been shown to be undergoing change in the two languages as a consequence of language contact. The results show that translation works in tandem with other factors to conventionalise change in terms of genitive preferences. 10 01 JB code coll.60.04par 87 119 33 Chapter 5 1 A01 Maristi Partridge Partridge, Maristi Maristi Partridge North-West University 20 Black South African English (BSAfE) 20 cross-linguistic influence (CLI) 20 first-language English (L1 English) 20 psycholinguistic constraints 20 second-language English (L2 English) 20 sociocognitive constraints 20 that/Ø-alternation 20 verb complementation 20 White South African English (WSAfE) 01 This chapter explores the constraints that play a role in Black South African English (BSAfE) as a second-language (L2) variety of English in terms of the <i>that</i>/Ø-alternation in the verb complementation patterns of BSAfE. Previous research suggests that cross-linguistic influence (CLI) has a significant effect on this feature in BSAfE. This chapter aims to determine how CLI relates to other psycholinguistic and sociocognitive constraints. While BSAfE as an L2 variety demonstrates a lower rate of Ø-complementation than the first-language variety (L1), the findings of this study suggest that the importance of CLI may have been overstated in the literature, and shared constraints operate in both varieties in similar ways. 10 01 JB code coll.60.05gil 120 152 33 Chapter 6 1 A01 Gaëtanelle Gilquin Gilquin, Gaëtanelle Gaëtanelle Gilquin Université catholique de Louvain 20 communicative constraints 20 Hong Kong English 20 Learner Englishes 20 lexical complexity 20 Mainland Chinese English 20 New Englishes 01 This chapter, set within the framework of constrained communication, investigates the linguistic effects, in terms of lexical use, of a number of shared and distinct communicative constraints that are thought to play a role in New Englishes and Learner Englishes. Relying on corpora of spoken Hong Kong English (HKE) and Mainland Chinese English (MCE), as well as native British English as a reference, it adopts a twofold methodology combining automatic measures of lexical complexity and a manual examination of lexical choices in a picture description task. The vocabulary used by HKE speakers appears to be more varied and sophisticated than that of MCE speakers, but otherwise the two groups display similar traces of potential L1 influence and employ the same strategies to compensate for limitations on proficiency. Native speakers’ vocabulary tends to be less complex and less formal, which is explained by their better stylistic awareness and possibly their lower task expertise. 10 01 JB code coll.60.06pen 153 190 38 Chapter 7 1 A01 Laura A. de S. Penha-Marion de S. Penha-Marion, Laura A. Laura A. de S. Penha-Marion Université catholique de Louvain 2 A01 Gaëtanelle Gilquin Gilquin, Gaëtanelle Gaëtanelle Gilquin Université catholique de Louvain 3 A01 Marie-Aude Lefer Lefer, Marie-Aude Marie-Aude Lefer Université catholique de Louvain 20 bilingual language production 20 complexity 20 constrained language 20 lexico-syntactic simplification 20 simplicity 20 student translation 20 translation directionality 01 This chapter reports on an exploratory case study designed to investigate lexico-syntactic simplification in French&#62;&#60;English translations produced by students in two within-subjects language contact settings: Translation from the foreign language (FL) into the first language (L1) (FL&#62;L1 translation) and translation from the L1 into the FL (L1&#62;FL translation). The aim of the study is to determine whether directionality affects student translation production and, if so, how. Lexico-syntactic simplification is operationalised as mean sentence length, root lemma-token ratio, lexical density, and core vocabulary coverage. The results indicate that translation directionality exerts an effect on the distribution of lexical items (lemmas, lexical words, and high-frequency words) in the translations (as compared to their corresponding source texts), with there being more lexical simplification in L1&#62;FL translation than in FL&#62;L1 translation. They reveal, in addition, that student translation production is also impacted by constraints both at the macro level (translation experience) and at the micro level (students’ idiosyncrasies and individual source texts). 10 01 JB code coll.60.07iva 191 222 32 Chapter 8 1 A01 Ilmari Ivaska Ivaska, Ilmari Ilmari Ivaska University of Turku 2 A01 Silvia Bernardini Bernardini, Silvia Silvia Bernardini University of Bologna 3 A01 Adriano Ferraresi Ferraresi, Adriano Adriano Ferraresi University of Bologna 20 constrained language 20 dependency bigrams 20 multidimensional analysis 20 random forests 20 second language 20 translated language 20 Universal Dependencies 01 In this study we explore the common ground between second-language writing and translated language as instances of constrained language use. Our research design involves three languages (English, Finnish, Italian), two constraining languages and two different registers in each of the three languages. These are compared in terms of frequency of syntactic structures (part-of-speech [POS] bigrams), adopting a corpus-driven method combining keyness analysis and multidimensional analysis. No general constrainedness effects that apply irrespective of languages and registers were observed, but our results point to the centrality of the opposition between verbal and nominal orientation for distinguishing constrained from unconstrained varieties. We conclude with suggestions on how our method and findings could lead to a deeper understanding of constrained language use, and be extended to different modes of language production and to language contact research in general. 10 01 JB code coll.60.08neu 223 254 32 Chapter 9 1 A01 Stella Neumann Neumann, Stella Stella Neumann RWTH Aachen University 2 A01 Elma Kerz Kerz, Elma Elma Kerz RWTH Aachen University 3 A01 Arndt Heilmann Heilmann, Arndt Arndt Heilmann RWTH Aachen University 20 constraint dimensions 20 geometric multivariate analysis 20 register 20 second language writing 20 task expertise 20 transfer 20 translation 01 This chapter compares the role of the bilingual text production context in (second language) L2 writing and translation. Although both tasks involve activation of the two languages involved, their influence may differ. To explore this influence against the background of variation along the constraint dimensions, we analyse a corpus of 204 English texts with the help of geometric multivariate analysis based on automatic counts for a range of lexicogrammatical features. The analysis indicates a combined influence of register and expertise and a more subtle effect of the bilingual production context in L2 writing. Although translation involves going back and forth between the source and the target language, translations in our data cluster more with L1 originals in the target language. 10 01 JB code coll.60.09van 255 286 32 Chapter 10 1 A01 Bertus van Rooy van Rooy, Bertus Bertus van Rooy University of Amsterdam | North-West University 2 A01 Haidee Kotze Kotze, Haidee Haidee Kotze University of Amsterdam | North-West University 20 communicative risk management 20 constrained language 20 language contact 20 second language 20 translated language 20 usage-based model 01 This chapter synthesises the findings of the chapters in this volume and takes stock of cumulative insights into constrained communication. It considers the effects of the individual constraint dimensions in respect of their consequences for different aspects of language use, including cross-linguistic influence (CLI), degree of complexity and explicitness, and norm adherence (or conservatism). It also reflects on the interaction of constraints and the implications of the framework for such a hypothetical construct as a constrained variety. Key methodological developments and challenges are outlined alongside a future agenda for the constrained communication research programme. 10 01 JB code coll.60.index 287 293 7 Index 11 02 JBENJAMINS John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 John Benjamins Publishing Company Amsterdam/Philadelphia NL 04 20240620 2024 John Benjamins B.V. 02 WORLD 08 680 gr 01 JB 1 John Benjamins Publishing Company +31 20 6304747 +31 20 6739773 bookorder@benjamins.nl 01 https://benjamins.com 01 WORLD US CA MX 21 27 20 01 02 JB 1 00 130.00 EUR R 02 02 JB 1 00 137.80 EUR R 01 JB 10 bebc +44 1202 712 934 +44 1202 712 913 sales@bebc.co.uk 03 GB 21 20 02 02 JB 1 00 109.00 GBP Z 01 JB 2 John Benjamins North America +1 800 562-5666 +1 703 661-1501 benjamins@presswarehouse.com 01 https://benjamins.com 01 US CA MX 21 20 01 gen 02 JB 1 00 169.00 USD