262030308 03 01 01 JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 JB code P&bns 346 Eb 15 9789027246783 06 10.1075/pbns.346 13 2024023832 DG 002 02 01 P&bns 02 0922-842X Pragmatics & Beyond New Series 346 01 pbns.346 01 https://benjamins.com 02 https://benjamins.com/catalog/pbns.346 1 B01 Carsten Levisen Levisen, Carsten Carsten Levisen Roskilde University 2 B01 Zhengdao Ye Ye, Zhengdao Zhengdao Ye Australian National University 01 eng 259 vii 251 LAN009030 v.2006 CFG 2 24 JB Subject Scheme COMM.CGEN Communication Studies 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.DISC Discourse studies 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.PRAG Pragmatics 06 01 This book addresses the problems and challenges of studying the discourse of "danger" cross-linguistically and cross-culturally, and proposes the cultural pragmatics of danger as a new field of inquiry. Detailed case studies of several linguacultures include Arabic, Chinese, Danish, English, German, Japanese and Spanish. Focusing on global and local contexts surrounding “living in dangerous times”, this book showcases how the new model of cultural pragmatics can be used to illuminate cultural meanings in discourse. Unlike the universalist approaches to pragmatics, cultural pragmatics focuses on understanding the linguacultural logics of discourse, and in the case of “danger”, the multiple cultural logics around which the themes and domains of “danger” revolve. The approach makes use of natural semantic metalanguage (NSM) as its principal analytical tool, and concepts such as “cultural keywords” and “cultural scripts” figure prominently as bearers of culture-specific meanings. <br />The book will be of interest to students of pragmatics and discourse studies, researchers in cultural and cognitive semantics, anthropological linguistics, global humanities, political rhetoric and environmental studies, as well as linguists working in applied areas, such as risk and disaster studies, crisis and emergency communication. 04 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475/pbns.346.png 04 03 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027214959.jpg 04 03 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_tif/9789027214959.tif 06 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_front/pbns.346.hb.png 07 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/125/pbns.346.png 25 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_back/pbns.346.hb.png 27 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/pbns.346.hb.png 10 01 JB code pbns.346.toc v vi 2 Table of contents 1 10 01 JB code pbns.346.ack vii viii 2 Miscellaneous 2 10 01 JB code pbns.346.01lev 1 22 22 Chapter 3 1 A01 Carsten Levisen Levisen, Carsten Carsten Levisen Roskilde University 2 A01 Zhengdao Ye Ye, Zhengdao Zhengdao Ye The Australian National University 20 cross-linguistic studies 20 cultural keywords 20 cultural pragmatics 20 cultural scripts 20 discourse of danger 20 discourse studies 20 global crisis 20 linguaculture 01 The main challenge for studying the pragmatics of danger in a global context is how to separate pseudo-universals from genuinely shared themes in discourses of danger. To identify common themes, it is important to approach the discourses from a principled perspective that enables a genuine comparison of linguacultural logics that guide language usage. In this chapter, we first elaborate on cultural pragmatics as the shared theoretical standpoint of all the studies in the volume. We then introduce the common method­ological framework employed by all chapters for case analyses – the natural semantic metalanguage (NSM) approach. We also discuss possibilities for modelling core scenarios that generate the discourses of danger and explain how explications of cultural concepts and cultural logics can be formulated. Finally, an overview of each case study in this collection is provided. 10 01 JB code pbns.346.02lev 23 40 18 Chapter 4 1 A01 Carsten Levisen Levisen, Carsten Carsten Levisen Roskilde University 20 construction grammar 20 cultural pragmatics 20 cultural semantics 20 Danish language 20 discourse of danger 20 keyword studies 20 metapragmatics 20 pandemic discourse 20 political rhetoric 01 The word <i>samfundssind</i>, roughly “community spirit” came to be a keyword of the moment in the Danish discourses of the global coronavirus pandemic. In an era of acute dangers to humanity, entire linguacultures underwent massive pragmatic and semantic change, and in this chapter, multiple facets of <i>samfundssind</i> will be analysed, including its metapragmatic and rhetorical profile, its tonality and keying, its cultural construction grammar, and the reactive societal and axiological semantics that came to be associated with the word. The paper exemplifies the cultural pragmatics of danger from the perspective of a local keyword which after its coinage in political discourse came to move an entire population into a culturally specific moral construal of the pandemic, and which at the same time afforded a pragmatic framework for collective affect, action, and responsibility. 10 01 JB code pbns.346.03asa 41 63 23 Chapter 5 1 A01 Yuko Asano-Cavanagh Asano-Cavanagh, Yuko Yuko Asano-Cavanagh Curtin University 2 A01 Robert F. Cavanagh Cavanagh, Robert F. Robert F. Cavanagh Curtin University 20 Covid-19 pandemic 20 dōchō-atsuryoku ‘peer-pressure’ 20 Japanese culture 20 jishuku ‘self-discipline’ 20 pragmatics of danger 20 the NSM approach 01 This study investigates the meaning of two keywords which emerged in Japanese discourse during the Covid-19 crisis. These are: <i>jishuku</i> ‘self-discipline’, and <i>dōchō-atsuryoku</i> ‘peer-pressure’. Although the Japanese keywords <i>jishuku</i> and <i>dōchō-atsuryoku</i> can be roughly translated into English, literal translations do not convey the cultural nuances and complexities embedded in the expressions. Using the framework of the natural semantic metalanguage (NSM) approach, this study provides a new semantic analysis of <i>jishuku</i> and <i>dōchō-atsuryoku</i>, based on evidence from newspapers, news reports, and social media. The semantic analysis shows a contradiction between the values of “freedom of choice” and “sense of social obligation” and illustrates how an analysis of cultural keywords can help to disentangle the complexities of contemporary Japanese “pragmatics of danger”. 10 01 JB code pbns.346.04azn 64 85 22 Chapter 6 1 A01 Mónica Aznárez Mauleón Aznárez Mauleón, Mónica Mónica Aznárez Mauleón I-COMMUNITAS. Institute for Advanced Social Research 20 conviviente 20 Covid-19 20 grupo burbuja 20 Natural Semantic Metalanguage (NSM) 20 new normal 20 social cognition 20 Spanish 20 unidad familiar 01 After a three-month Covid-19 lockdown, the Spanish national and regional governments implemented stringent rules to curb the pandemic’s spread during the “new normal”. These measures aimed to reduce face-to-face interactions while sustaining economic and educational activities, reshaping social behaviours and perceptions. Notably, a distinct shift occurred in Spain’s landscape of social groups and relationships, traditionally characterised by keywords like <i>familia</i> and <i>amigos/amigas</i> used to refer to close connections. Emerging from political and legal jargon, technical terms such as <i>unidad familiar, conviviente</i>, and <i>grupo burbuja</i> entered the public sphere and everyday conversation. Using the Natural Semantic Metalanguage (NSM) framework, this study analyses these expressions, revealing that, unlike <i>familia</i> and <i>amigos/amigas</i>, the new terms are primarily grounded in the concept of “space” and lack an inherent emotional component. This finding prompts reflection on the potential impact of these concepts on people’s mindsets in the “new normal” era. 10 01 JB code pbns.346.05sad 86 106 21 Chapter 7 1 A01 Lauren Sadow Sadow, Lauren Lauren Sadow Griffith University | Macquarie University 2 A01 Katie Cox Cox, Katie Katie Cox The Australian National University 20 Anglosphere 20 cultural keywords 20 discourse analysis 20 English 20 hero 20 natural semantic metalanguage 20 semantics 01 In times of crisis, you can rely on a hero to save you. At least, that’s what English-language media would like you to think. The word <i>hero</i> is on an upward trend in English-language publications across the globe, tipping us into its discursive world at its every use. This paper proposes that <i>hero</i> is an Anglo cultural keyword which comes laden with its own discourses regarding courage, sacrifice, and saving lives. The 21st century has seen unprecedented media communication, at the same time as political, humanitarian, and health crises, changing our priorities and the ideals we look to (Porpora 1996; Schlenker et al. 2008). By examining the media use of hero narratives, we can see how this keyword is reflective of the current cultural landscape in different Anglo countries: whose lives we value, what actions are worthy, and who our ideal person is (Butler 2009). We use discourse analysis of written and recorded media, corpus data, and cultural semantics (Levisen and Waters 2017) to show the depth of meaning in the word <i>hero</i> and untangle the distinct public narratives between <i>unsung heroes, war heroes, healthcare heroes, local heroes</i> and <i>sporting heroes</i>. 10 01 JB code pbns.346.06dig 107 134 28 Chapter 8 1 A01 Ida Stevia Diget Diget, Ida Stevia Ida Stevia Diget Griffith University | James Cook University 20 CALD communication 20 Covid-19 20 disaster messaging 20 emergency messaging 20 machine translation 20 public health 20 public health communication 20 standard translatable english 20 translation 01 The early onset of the Covid-19 pandemic brought a wealth of communication challenges. Rapid public access to appropriate and accurate information was at the utmost importance, though greatly challenged by the rapidly changing nature of the emerging crisis. This chapter investigates key issues pertaining to Covid-19 emergency public health messaging and translatability. It is outlined how early Covid-19 discourse included novel vocabulary, previously unknown to the public. It is argued that effective community-wide emergency public health messaging requires careful consideration of these initial word choices, as the inclusion of novel terms can pose barriers for effective cross-translatability. This is because it is uncertain whether equivalents exist or will develop in other languages. Further, time constraints can lead to suboptimal translation practices, including the use of machine translation. In combination, this can lead to poor, and in the worst cases, dangerous translation outcomes. Ultimately, this chapter suggests that in times of crisis, authoring messages with translation in mind can foster better and more effective messaging outcomes. 10 01 JB code pbns.346.07fer 135 157 23 Chapter 9 1 A01 Susana S. Fernández Fernández, Susana S. Susana S. Fernández University of Aarhus 2 A01 Christine Appel Appel, Christine Christine Appel Universitat Oberta de Catalunya 20 cultural pragmatics 20 English 20 language learning 20 lockdown 20 natural semantic metalanguage 20 online virtual exchange 20 Spanish 01 In this paper, we contribute to the study of intercultural pragmatics and, more specifically, the “pragmatics of danger” by exploring how adult participants in an online exchange program with focus on Spanish and English learning talk about the corona virus and the impact the pandemic has in their lives. We focus on the Covid-19 related topics that emerge in their exchanges and we search for keywords and eventual new words and concepts that shed light on people’s situation at the time. Our material, consisting of video recordings of participant conversations, is from the month of April 2020, a month into the global lockdown. It therefore provides us with a valuable snapshot of a time characterized by insecurity on how things would evolve and on to what degree the pandemic would disrupt life as we knew it. 10 01 JB code pbns.346.08bro 158 174 17 Chapter 10 1 A01 Helen Bromhead Bromhead, Helen Helen Bromhead Griffith University 20 climate emotions 20 cultural pragmatics 20 eco-anxiety 20 ecological distress 20 ecological grief 20 natural semantic metalanguage (NSM) 20 pragmatics of emotions 01 People can respond to the planet in danger through emotions. In English, some of the most common emotional reactions to the climate crisis have been labelled with terms such as <i>eco-anxiety</i>, <i>climate grief</i> and <i>ecological distress</i>. This chapter takes the popular, rather than academic, reception of these emotion terms based on a collection of English-language podcasts. As a cultural pragmatics study, its method is semantically-enhanced discourse studies, which draws on natural semantic metalanguage (NSM) approach. Through examination of popular discussions of climate emotions, which show some diversity of opinion, the chapter moves to put forward an emotion model for overarching relevant ecological feelings and an action model for a typical motivation of School Strikers. These models constitute two innovative representations arising from semantically-enhanced discourse studies. The chapter ends with some proposals for how to study the pragmatics of emotions and how to work with novel, often environmental, vocabulary for which fixed senses have not settled. 10 01 JB code pbns.346.09hab 175 193 19 Chapter 11 1 A01 Sandy Habib Habib, Sandy Sandy Habib Tel-Hai College 20 cultural scripts 20 interjectional phrases 20 Jish Arabic 20 natural semantic metalanguage 01 This paper has aimed to explore the semantics and pragmatics of eight interjectional phrases used in Jish, a small Arabic-speaking town in northern Israel. These interjectional phrases have two characteristics in common. First, each of them includes the word <i>alla</i> ‘God’ or <i>ṣalīb</i> ‘cross,’ and second, they are employed when the speaker senses some danger, hence my naming them “danger-thwarting divine interjectional phrases.” Using the Natural Semantic Metalanguage (NSM) approach, a cultural script has been produced for each of the target interjectional phrases. The cultural scripts describe the norms governing the use of these phrases, and they are written in terms that are simple and (semi-)universal. Thus, they can be translatable into any language, offering cultural outsiders access into one part of the Jish Arabic linguaculture. 10 01 JB code pbns.346.10ye 194 216 23 Chapter 12 1 A01 Zhengdao Ye Ye, Zhengdao Zhengdao Ye The Australian National University 20 analysis of political discourse 20 Chinese elite politics 20 cultural pragmatics 20 cultural scripts 20 discourse of danger 20 discourse studies 20 natural semantic metalanguage (NSM) 20 state political discourse 01 This chapter examines a way of speaking about “looming danger” that is pervasive in Chinese Communist Party discourse but which has not been given much attention in studies of Chinese elite politics. It centres on cultural beliefs underlying the discourse of <i>jū ān sī wēi</i> (‘think about danger during peaceful time’) and unpacks its associated meaning and the cultural contents surrounding this discourse. The paper argues and demonstrates that political discourse is a form of cultural pragmatics, in that the former builds on fundamental beliefs and values of the culture in which the discourse is situated, and that these beliefs and values may be influenced and reinforced by historical events and national memory. It also demonstrates that Natural Semantics Metalanguage can be a useful tool for analysing and representing the cultural elements in political discourse. 10 01 JB code pbns.346.11god 217 235 19 Chapter 13 1 A01 Cliff Goddard Goddard, Cliff Cliff Goddard Griffith University 2 A01 Tine-Marie Junker Junker, Tine-Marie Tine-Marie Junker Griffith University 3 A01 Zhengdao Ye Ye, Zhengdao Zhengdao Ye The Australian National University 20 Chinese 20 discourse of security 20 German 20 lexical semantics 20 natural semantic metalanguage (NSM) 20 security concepts 01 In this chapter we first develop a semantic-conceptual analysis of the English word <i>security</i>, a key word in international geopolitical discourse, contrasting it with English <i>safety</i>. We then investigate the meanings of comparable words in German and in Chinese, i.e. <i>Sicherheit</i> and <i>ānquán</i>, respectively. Our method of lexical semantic description is the NSM (natural semantic metalanguage) approach, which is based on paraphrase into simple, cross-translatable words. The analysis is corpus-assisted. The results show that the meaning differences between “safety/security concepts” across languages are greater than many people would expect, and, furthermore, that these differences are culture-related. The implications for international “security discourse” are briefly explored. 10 01 JB code pbns.346.12lev 236 242 7 Chapter 14 1 A01 Carsten Levisen Levisen, Carsten Carsten Levisen Roskilde University 2 A01 Zhengdao Ye Ye, Zhengdao Zhengdao Ye The Australian National University 10 01 JB code pbns.346.index 243 251 9 Miscellaneous 15 02 JBENJAMINS John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 John Benjamins Publishing Company Amsterdam/Philadelphia NL 04 20240815 2024 John Benjamins B.V. 02 WORLD 13 15 9789027214959 01 JB 3 John Benjamins e-Platform 03 jbe-platform.com 09 WORLD 21 01 00 115.00 EUR R 01 00 97.00 GBP Z 01 gen 00 149.00 USD S 684030307 03 01 01 JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 JB code P&bns 346 Hb 15 9789027214959 13 2024023831 BB 01 P&bns 02 0922-842X Pragmatics & Beyond New Series 346 01 pbns.346 01 https://benjamins.com 02 https://benjamins.com/catalog/pbns.346 1 B01 Carsten Levisen Levisen, Carsten Carsten Levisen Roskilde University 2 B01 Zhengdao Ye Ye, Zhengdao Zhengdao Ye Australian National University 01 eng 259 vii 251 LAN009030 v.2006 CFG 2 24 JB Subject Scheme COMM.CGEN Communication Studies 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.DISC Discourse studies 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.PRAG Pragmatics 06 01 This book addresses the problems and challenges of studying the discourse of "danger" cross-linguistically and cross-culturally, and proposes the cultural pragmatics of danger as a new field of inquiry. Detailed case studies of several linguacultures include Arabic, Chinese, Danish, English, German, Japanese and Spanish. Focusing on global and local contexts surrounding “living in dangerous times”, this book showcases how the new model of cultural pragmatics can be used to illuminate cultural meanings in discourse. Unlike the universalist approaches to pragmatics, cultural pragmatics focuses on understanding the linguacultural logics of discourse, and in the case of “danger”, the multiple cultural logics around which the themes and domains of “danger” revolve. The approach makes use of natural semantic metalanguage (NSM) as its principal analytical tool, and concepts such as “cultural keywords” and “cultural scripts” figure prominently as bearers of culture-specific meanings. <br />The book will be of interest to students of pragmatics and discourse studies, researchers in cultural and cognitive semantics, anthropological linguistics, global humanities, political rhetoric and environmental studies, as well as linguists working in applied areas, such as risk and disaster studies, crisis and emergency communication. 04 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475/pbns.346.png 04 03 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027214959.jpg 04 03 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_tif/9789027214959.tif 06 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_front/pbns.346.hb.png 07 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/125/pbns.346.png 25 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_back/pbns.346.hb.png 27 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/pbns.346.hb.png 10 01 JB code pbns.346.toc v vi 2 Table of contents 1 10 01 JB code pbns.346.ack vii viii 2 Miscellaneous 2 10 01 JB code pbns.346.01lev 1 22 22 Chapter 3 1 A01 Carsten Levisen Levisen, Carsten Carsten Levisen Roskilde University 2 A01 Zhengdao Ye Ye, Zhengdao Zhengdao Ye The Australian National University 20 cross-linguistic studies 20 cultural keywords 20 cultural pragmatics 20 cultural scripts 20 discourse of danger 20 discourse studies 20 global crisis 20 linguaculture 01 The main challenge for studying the pragmatics of danger in a global context is how to separate pseudo-universals from genuinely shared themes in discourses of danger. To identify common themes, it is important to approach the discourses from a principled perspective that enables a genuine comparison of linguacultural logics that guide language usage. In this chapter, we first elaborate on cultural pragmatics as the shared theoretical standpoint of all the studies in the volume. We then introduce the common method­ological framework employed by all chapters for case analyses – the natural semantic metalanguage (NSM) approach. We also discuss possibilities for modelling core scenarios that generate the discourses of danger and explain how explications of cultural concepts and cultural logics can be formulated. Finally, an overview of each case study in this collection is provided. 10 01 JB code pbns.346.02lev 23 40 18 Chapter 4 1 A01 Carsten Levisen Levisen, Carsten Carsten Levisen Roskilde University 20 construction grammar 20 cultural pragmatics 20 cultural semantics 20 Danish language 20 discourse of danger 20 keyword studies 20 metapragmatics 20 pandemic discourse 20 political rhetoric 01 The word <i>samfundssind</i>, roughly “community spirit” came to be a keyword of the moment in the Danish discourses of the global coronavirus pandemic. In an era of acute dangers to humanity, entire linguacultures underwent massive pragmatic and semantic change, and in this chapter, multiple facets of <i>samfundssind</i> will be analysed, including its metapragmatic and rhetorical profile, its tonality and keying, its cultural construction grammar, and the reactive societal and axiological semantics that came to be associated with the word. The paper exemplifies the cultural pragmatics of danger from the perspective of a local keyword which after its coinage in political discourse came to move an entire population into a culturally specific moral construal of the pandemic, and which at the same time afforded a pragmatic framework for collective affect, action, and responsibility. 10 01 JB code pbns.346.03asa 41 63 23 Chapter 5 1 A01 Yuko Asano-Cavanagh Asano-Cavanagh, Yuko Yuko Asano-Cavanagh Curtin University 2 A01 Robert F. Cavanagh Cavanagh, Robert F. Robert F. Cavanagh Curtin University 20 Covid-19 pandemic 20 dōchō-atsuryoku ‘peer-pressure’ 20 Japanese culture 20 jishuku ‘self-discipline’ 20 pragmatics of danger 20 the NSM approach 01 This study investigates the meaning of two keywords which emerged in Japanese discourse during the Covid-19 crisis. These are: <i>jishuku</i> ‘self-discipline’, and <i>dōchō-atsuryoku</i> ‘peer-pressure’. Although the Japanese keywords <i>jishuku</i> and <i>dōchō-atsuryoku</i> can be roughly translated into English, literal translations do not convey the cultural nuances and complexities embedded in the expressions. Using the framework of the natural semantic metalanguage (NSM) approach, this study provides a new semantic analysis of <i>jishuku</i> and <i>dōchō-atsuryoku</i>, based on evidence from newspapers, news reports, and social media. The semantic analysis shows a contradiction between the values of “freedom of choice” and “sense of social obligation” and illustrates how an analysis of cultural keywords can help to disentangle the complexities of contemporary Japanese “pragmatics of danger”. 10 01 JB code pbns.346.04azn 64 85 22 Chapter 6 1 A01 Mónica Aznárez Mauleón Aznárez Mauleón, Mónica Mónica Aznárez Mauleón I-COMMUNITAS. Institute for Advanced Social Research 20 conviviente 20 Covid-19 20 grupo burbuja 20 Natural Semantic Metalanguage (NSM) 20 new normal 20 social cognition 20 Spanish 20 unidad familiar 01 After a three-month Covid-19 lockdown, the Spanish national and regional governments implemented stringent rules to curb the pandemic’s spread during the “new normal”. These measures aimed to reduce face-to-face interactions while sustaining economic and educational activities, reshaping social behaviours and perceptions. Notably, a distinct shift occurred in Spain’s landscape of social groups and relationships, traditionally characterised by keywords like <i>familia</i> and <i>amigos/amigas</i> used to refer to close connections. Emerging from political and legal jargon, technical terms such as <i>unidad familiar, conviviente</i>, and <i>grupo burbuja</i> entered the public sphere and everyday conversation. Using the Natural Semantic Metalanguage (NSM) framework, this study analyses these expressions, revealing that, unlike <i>familia</i> and <i>amigos/amigas</i>, the new terms are primarily grounded in the concept of “space” and lack an inherent emotional component. This finding prompts reflection on the potential impact of these concepts on people’s mindsets in the “new normal” era. 10 01 JB code pbns.346.05sad 86 106 21 Chapter 7 1 A01 Lauren Sadow Sadow, Lauren Lauren Sadow Griffith University | Macquarie University 2 A01 Katie Cox Cox, Katie Katie Cox The Australian National University 20 Anglosphere 20 cultural keywords 20 discourse analysis 20 English 20 hero 20 natural semantic metalanguage 20 semantics 01 In times of crisis, you can rely on a hero to save you. At least, that’s what English-language media would like you to think. The word <i>hero</i> is on an upward trend in English-language publications across the globe, tipping us into its discursive world at its every use. This paper proposes that <i>hero</i> is an Anglo cultural keyword which comes laden with its own discourses regarding courage, sacrifice, and saving lives. The 21st century has seen unprecedented media communication, at the same time as political, humanitarian, and health crises, changing our priorities and the ideals we look to (Porpora 1996; Schlenker et al. 2008). By examining the media use of hero narratives, we can see how this keyword is reflective of the current cultural landscape in different Anglo countries: whose lives we value, what actions are worthy, and who our ideal person is (Butler 2009). We use discourse analysis of written and recorded media, corpus data, and cultural semantics (Levisen and Waters 2017) to show the depth of meaning in the word <i>hero</i> and untangle the distinct public narratives between <i>unsung heroes, war heroes, healthcare heroes, local heroes</i> and <i>sporting heroes</i>. 10 01 JB code pbns.346.06dig 107 134 28 Chapter 8 1 A01 Ida Stevia Diget Diget, Ida Stevia Ida Stevia Diget Griffith University | James Cook University 20 CALD communication 20 Covid-19 20 disaster messaging 20 emergency messaging 20 machine translation 20 public health 20 public health communication 20 standard translatable english 20 translation 01 The early onset of the Covid-19 pandemic brought a wealth of communication challenges. Rapid public access to appropriate and accurate information was at the utmost importance, though greatly challenged by the rapidly changing nature of the emerging crisis. This chapter investigates key issues pertaining to Covid-19 emergency public health messaging and translatability. It is outlined how early Covid-19 discourse included novel vocabulary, previously unknown to the public. It is argued that effective community-wide emergency public health messaging requires careful consideration of these initial word choices, as the inclusion of novel terms can pose barriers for effective cross-translatability. This is because it is uncertain whether equivalents exist or will develop in other languages. Further, time constraints can lead to suboptimal translation practices, including the use of machine translation. In combination, this can lead to poor, and in the worst cases, dangerous translation outcomes. Ultimately, this chapter suggests that in times of crisis, authoring messages with translation in mind can foster better and more effective messaging outcomes. 10 01 JB code pbns.346.07fer 135 157 23 Chapter 9 1 A01 Susana S. Fernández Fernández, Susana S. Susana S. Fernández University of Aarhus 2 A01 Christine Appel Appel, Christine Christine Appel Universitat Oberta de Catalunya 20 cultural pragmatics 20 English 20 language learning 20 lockdown 20 natural semantic metalanguage 20 online virtual exchange 20 Spanish 01 In this paper, we contribute to the study of intercultural pragmatics and, more specifically, the “pragmatics of danger” by exploring how adult participants in an online exchange program with focus on Spanish and English learning talk about the corona virus and the impact the pandemic has in their lives. We focus on the Covid-19 related topics that emerge in their exchanges and we search for keywords and eventual new words and concepts that shed light on people’s situation at the time. Our material, consisting of video recordings of participant conversations, is from the month of April 2020, a month into the global lockdown. It therefore provides us with a valuable snapshot of a time characterized by insecurity on how things would evolve and on to what degree the pandemic would disrupt life as we knew it. 10 01 JB code pbns.346.08bro 158 174 17 Chapter 10 1 A01 Helen Bromhead Bromhead, Helen Helen Bromhead Griffith University 20 climate emotions 20 cultural pragmatics 20 eco-anxiety 20 ecological distress 20 ecological grief 20 natural semantic metalanguage (NSM) 20 pragmatics of emotions 01 People can respond to the planet in danger through emotions. In English, some of the most common emotional reactions to the climate crisis have been labelled with terms such as <i>eco-anxiety</i>, <i>climate grief</i> and <i>ecological distress</i>. This chapter takes the popular, rather than academic, reception of these emotion terms based on a collection of English-language podcasts. As a cultural pragmatics study, its method is semantically-enhanced discourse studies, which draws on natural semantic metalanguage (NSM) approach. Through examination of popular discussions of climate emotions, which show some diversity of opinion, the chapter moves to put forward an emotion model for overarching relevant ecological feelings and an action model for a typical motivation of School Strikers. These models constitute two innovative representations arising from semantically-enhanced discourse studies. The chapter ends with some proposals for how to study the pragmatics of emotions and how to work with novel, often environmental, vocabulary for which fixed senses have not settled. 10 01 JB code pbns.346.09hab 175 193 19 Chapter 11 1 A01 Sandy Habib Habib, Sandy Sandy Habib Tel-Hai College 20 cultural scripts 20 interjectional phrases 20 Jish Arabic 20 natural semantic metalanguage 01 This paper has aimed to explore the semantics and pragmatics of eight interjectional phrases used in Jish, a small Arabic-speaking town in northern Israel. These interjectional phrases have two characteristics in common. First, each of them includes the word <i>alla</i> ‘God’ or <i>ṣalīb</i> ‘cross,’ and second, they are employed when the speaker senses some danger, hence my naming them “danger-thwarting divine interjectional phrases.” Using the Natural Semantic Metalanguage (NSM) approach, a cultural script has been produced for each of the target interjectional phrases. The cultural scripts describe the norms governing the use of these phrases, and they are written in terms that are simple and (semi-)universal. Thus, they can be translatable into any language, offering cultural outsiders access into one part of the Jish Arabic linguaculture. 10 01 JB code pbns.346.10ye 194 216 23 Chapter 12 1 A01 Zhengdao Ye Ye, Zhengdao Zhengdao Ye The Australian National University 20 analysis of political discourse 20 Chinese elite politics 20 cultural pragmatics 20 cultural scripts 20 discourse of danger 20 discourse studies 20 natural semantic metalanguage (NSM) 20 state political discourse 01 This chapter examines a way of speaking about “looming danger” that is pervasive in Chinese Communist Party discourse but which has not been given much attention in studies of Chinese elite politics. It centres on cultural beliefs underlying the discourse of <i>jū ān sī wēi</i> (‘think about danger during peaceful time’) and unpacks its associated meaning and the cultural contents surrounding this discourse. The paper argues and demonstrates that political discourse is a form of cultural pragmatics, in that the former builds on fundamental beliefs and values of the culture in which the discourse is situated, and that these beliefs and values may be influenced and reinforced by historical events and national memory. It also demonstrates that Natural Semantics Metalanguage can be a useful tool for analysing and representing the cultural elements in political discourse. 10 01 JB code pbns.346.11god 217 235 19 Chapter 13 1 A01 Cliff Goddard Goddard, Cliff Cliff Goddard Griffith University 2 A01 Tine-Marie Junker Junker, Tine-Marie Tine-Marie Junker Griffith University 3 A01 Zhengdao Ye Ye, Zhengdao Zhengdao Ye The Australian National University 20 Chinese 20 discourse of security 20 German 20 lexical semantics 20 natural semantic metalanguage (NSM) 20 security concepts 01 In this chapter we first develop a semantic-conceptual analysis of the English word <i>security</i>, a key word in international geopolitical discourse, contrasting it with English <i>safety</i>. We then investigate the meanings of comparable words in German and in Chinese, i.e. <i>Sicherheit</i> and <i>ānquán</i>, respectively. Our method of lexical semantic description is the NSM (natural semantic metalanguage) approach, which is based on paraphrase into simple, cross-translatable words. The analysis is corpus-assisted. The results show that the meaning differences between “safety/security concepts” across languages are greater than many people would expect, and, furthermore, that these differences are culture-related. The implications for international “security discourse” are briefly explored. 10 01 JB code pbns.346.12lev 236 242 7 Chapter 14 1 A01 Carsten Levisen Levisen, Carsten Carsten Levisen Roskilde University 2 A01 Zhengdao Ye Ye, Zhengdao Zhengdao Ye The Australian National University 10 01 JB code pbns.346.index 243 251 9 Miscellaneous 15 02 JBENJAMINS John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 John Benjamins Publishing Company Amsterdam/Philadelphia NL 04 20240815 2024 John Benjamins B.V. 02 WORLD 08 610 gr 01 JB 1 John Benjamins Publishing Company +31 20 6304747 +31 20 6739773 bookorder@benjamins.nl 01 https://benjamins.com 01 WORLD US CA MX 21 52 01 02 JB 1 00 115.00 EUR R 02 02 JB 1 00 121.90 EUR R 01 JB 10 bebc +44 1202 712 934 +44 1202 712 913 sales@bebc.co.uk 03 GB 21 02 02 JB 1 00 97.00 GBP Z 01 JB 2 John Benjamins North America +1 800 562-5666 +1 703 661-1501 benjamins@presswarehouse.com 01 https://benjamins.com 01 US CA MX 21 5 01 gen 02 JB 1 00 149.00 USD