894029862 03 01 01 JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 JB code IHLL 41 Eb 15 9789027246509 06 10.1075/ihll.41 13 2024031937 DG 002 02 01 IHLL 02 2213-3887 Issues in Hispanic and Lusophone Linguistics 41 01 ihll.41 01 https://benjamins.com 02 https://benjamins.com/catalog/ihll.41 1 B01 Michael Gradoville Gradoville, Michael Michael Gradoville Arizona State University 2 B01 Sean McKinnon McKinnon, Sean Sean McKinnon Texas A&M University 01 eng 310 xvi 290 + index LAN009000 v.2006 CF 2 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.ROM Romance linguistics 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.THEOR Theoretical linguistics 06 01 This book brings together eleven peer-reviewed chapters of cutting-edge research produced by both established and rising scholars in the field. Given that this volume is inspired by papers from the 25th iteration of the Hispanic Linguistics Symposium, the editors track the development of the field in the last quarter century and have organized the volume into three sections (linguistic structure and variation, US Spanish and heritage speakers, applied linguistics) reflecting current research trends. This edited volume will be a welcome resource for advanced undergraduate students, incoming and advanced graduate students, and researchers in the field, as well as Spanish language educators at all levels. 04 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475/ihll.41.png 04 03 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027215918.jpg 04 03 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_tif/9789027215918.tif 06 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_front/ihll.41.hb.png 07 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/125/ihll.41.png 25 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_back/ihll.41.hb.png 27 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/ihll.41.hb.png 10 01 JB code ihll.41.toc v vi 2 Miscellaneous 1 10 01 JB code ihll.41.lot vii xii 6 Miscellaneous 2 10 01 JB code ihll.41.lof xiii xvi 4 Miscellaneous 3 10 01 JB code ihll.41.int 1 22 22 Chapter 4 1 A01 Michael Gradoville Gradoville, Michael Michael Gradoville Arizona State University 2 A01 Sean McKinnon McKinnon, Sean Sean McKinnon Texas A&M University 10 01 JB code ihll.41.p1 23 1 Section header 5 10 01 JB code ihll.41.01li 24 43 20 Chapter 6 1 A01 Ningxian Li Li, Ningxian Ningxian Li University of Georgia 20 clitic left dislocation 20 epithet 20 movement 20 predication 01 In Spanish syntax, a clitic left-dislocated constituent may incorporate a coreferential epithet within the sentence, along with a clitic as a resumptive element. In previous research, there exist three approaches to the relationships among the dislocated constituent, the clitic, and the epithet. The first suggests the dislocated constituent is originally generated in its surface position. The second argues it originates in a small clause with the epithet, then moves to the left periphery. The third contends the constituent is part of a distinct clause, truncated by ellipsis. This study examines ditransitive verb structures featuring epithets in Peninsular Spanish, advocating that the left dislocation with an internal epithet results from syntactic movement, contributing new insights to this ongoing debate. 10 01 JB code ihll.41.02pol 44 68 25 Chapter 7 1 A01 Matthew Pollock Pollock, Matthew Matthew Pollock Louisiana State University Shreveport 20 Peninsular Spanish 20 politeness 20 second-person plural 20 ustedes 20 vosotros 01 This study focuses on sociolinguistic variation and politeness on the social media platform Twitter (X) to track the decline in the second person plural <i>ustedes</i> form among politicians in southern and northern-central Spain. An analysis of politeness in computer-mediated communication (CMC) identified pragmatic differences across politicians and showed how second-person plural variation plays a role in politeness and regional identity work. The study found that the use of impoliteness on social media is on the rise, while use of <i>ustedes</i> is low and used in specific contexts. From a variationist perspective, impoliteness correlates with <i>ustedes</i> use against political opponents, and shows that politicians employ this form as a means of creating social distance between themselves and rivals. 10 01 JB code ihll.41.03del 69 95 27 Chapter 8 1 A01 Nerea Delgado Delgado, Nerea Nerea Delgado Florida State University 20 Basque 20 Basque Spanish 20 bilingualism 20 intonation 20 yes-no questions 01 This study examines the intonation of information-seeking yes-no questions in bilingual Spanish and Basque from Irun, Gipuzkoa, and considers the effects of language dominance in describing intonational patterns. Data from 13 bilingual speakers show that falling contours (most commonly (¡)H* L%) predominate in both languages, especially among Basque-dominant bilinguals. Rising contours (namely L* H% and H* LH%) occur more frequently than previously reported for Basque Spanish. We argue that this result stems from the linguistic reality of Irun, where the use of Spanish is more widespread. Overall, most participants produced the same contours in both languages, which suggests that they utilize a common intonation inventory. 10 01 JB code ihll.41.04dia 96 119 24 Chapter 9 1 A01 Manuel Díaz-Campos Díaz-Campos, Manuel Manuel Díaz-Campos Indiana University 2 A01 Matthew Pollock Pollock, Matthew Matthew Pollock Louisiana State University Shreveport 20 palatal fricative 20 sociophonetics 20 variable use 20 Venezuelan Spanish 20 yeísmo 01 The Spanish palatal fricative /ʝ/, a site of considerable social variation, is examined in Caracas, Venezuela, comparing productions across a 20-year period. Based on spectrographic and acoustic analyses, we identify four allophones of the palatal fricative. While approximant use in Caracas has fallen from 1987–2013, it is still the dominant allophone, and young speakers from the 2010s show increased use. Several linguistic factors, including previous context, tonicity, and segment duration predict allophone production; however, social factors including gender, corpus year, and speech rate suggest that stratification exists. Through a diachronic analysis, this study provides insight into allophonic variation and social meaning in Caracas across two generations during a time of sociopolitical change. 10 01 JB code ihll.41.p2 121 1 Section header 10 10 01 JB code ihll.41.05gar 122 150 29 Chapter 11 1 A01 Rachel S. Garza Garza, Rachel S. Rachel S. Garza Indiana University 2 A01 Erik W. Willis Willis, Erik W. Erik W. Willis Indiana University 3 A01 Fernando Melero-García Melero-García, Fernando Fernando Melero-García Duolingo 20 closure duration 20 heritage speakers 20 perception 20 phonemic contrast 20 rhotics 20 taps 20 trills 01 The Spanish /ɾ/-/r/ contrast is prototypically maintained by number of occlusions; however, heritage and monolingual Spanish speakers also produce /r/ with one occlusion, using closure duration of the rhotic to maintain contrast. In the present study, 43 Spanish heritage speakers heard 40 Spanish words containing word-medial /ɾ/ with a closure duration between 22 ms and 85 ms. Using two types of tasks, a 2AFC heatmap categorical task and continuous rating Visual Analog Slider, listeners indicated whether they perceived a word containing /ɾ/ or /r/. Results of a binomial linear regression suggest that as closure duration increases, the probability of perceiving the phonemic trill increased significantly (<i>β</i> = −1.289, <i>p</i> &#60; 0.001), with type of bilingualism and word-pair also being significant. 10 01 JB code ihll.41.06zah 151 171 21 Chapter 12 1 A01 Sara L. Zahler Zahler, Sara L. Sara L. Zahler North Carolina State University 2 A01 Rocío Leguisamon Tolentino Tolentino, Rocío Leguisamon Rocío Leguisamon Tolentino University at Albany, SUNY 20 bilingualism 20 future 20 language contact 20 variation 01 We examined the acceptance of the present progressive (e.g., <i>I am traveling</i>) with future meaning (PPF) by 82 monolingual English, monolingual Spanish, and heritage Spanish speakers. Participants evaluated on a scale of 1–5 the acceptability of the PPF in 20 contexts that were embedded in a narrative in which we manipulated the surrounding discourse for temporal reference, event certainty, and presence of a locative marker. Results indicate that heritage Spanish speakers evaluated the PPF differently in English and Spanish, and differently from both monolingual groups. These findings indicate that the effects of language contact in U.S. Spanish-English bilinguals is bidirectional and that heritage Spanish speakers maintain two distinct systems for the PPF in Spanish and English. 10 01 JB code ihll.41.07vau 172 196 25 Chapter 13 1 A01 Stevi Vaughn Vaughn, Stevi Stevi Vaughn North Carolina State University 2 A01 Rebecca E. Ronquest Ronquest, Rebecca E. Rebecca E. Ronquest North Carolina State University 3 A01 Jim Michnowicz Michnowicz, Jim Jim Michnowicz North Carolina State University 20 accommodation 20 identity 20 pronouns of address 20 Southeastern U.S. 20 voseo 01 The present investigation contributes to our understanding of the evolving linguistic communities in the Southeastern U.S. by examining the factors that drive speakers’ choice of second person singular pronouns (e.g., <i>tú, vos, usted</i>). Results indicate that context and origin are the most influential factors: Argentines maintain their use of <i>vos</i> in familiar contexts, while Central Americans increase their use of <i>tú</i> and <i>usted</i> over time. However, although Argentines maintain a higher use of <i>vos</i> than Central Americans overall, they show evidence of accommodation to both <i>tú</i> and <i>usted</i> in contexts where they interact with speakers of other Spanish varieties. Qualitative analyses revealed an avoidance of <i>voseo</i> despite its strong ties to identity, indicating a complex interplay between pronoun choice. 10 01 JB code ihll.41.08mck 197 219 23 Chapter 14 1 A01 Sean McKinnon McKinnon, Sean Sean McKinnon Texas A&M University 2 A01 Vanessa Elias Elias, Vanessa Vanessa Elias University of Texas at San Antonio 20 critical language awareness 20 language ideologies 20 Spanish as a heritage language 20 Spanish in the US 01 Given exposure to hegemonic language ideologies from multiple sources and actors in larger society, a key component of critical language awareness (CLA) pedagogy is to raise students’ critical consciousness about them. Therefore, the present study examines how seven Spanish heritage language speakers’ language ideologies influence their linguistic self-conceptualization before and after taking a CLA-informed course on Spanish in the US. The results provide evidence that most participants either questioned dominant language ideologies (e.g., monoglossic and standard language) when it came to conceptualizing their own Spanish or directly challenged them in their daily lives after completing the course. However, some participant reflections expressed hegemonic language ideologies at the end of the semester, which mirrors findings from previous research that measure critical awareness post-instruction. 10 01 JB code ihll.41.p3 221 1 Section header 15 10 01 JB code ihll.41.09bla 222 244 23 Chapter 16 1 A01 Nicholas M. Blaker Blaker, Nicholas M. Nicholas M. Blaker Indiana University 20 L2 Spanish 20 L2 variation 20 lexical aspect 20 preterite and imperfect 20 temporal adverbials 20 tense and aspect 20 variationist sociolinguistics 01 This study adopts a variationist approach to SLA to investigate the influence of temporal adverbials and lexical aspect on variable preterite and imperfect selection. A total of 110 L2 Spanish learners at varying proficiency levels and 15 native speakers of Spanish completed a contextualized preference task that examined the influence of both linguistic variables on the selection of preterite, imperfect and <i>both</i>. Results for frequency of selection showed that learners overselected the imperfect and <i>both</i> in contexts where NSs categorically selected the preterite. Mixed-effects logistic regressions indicated that both factors influenced NSs’ selections, but not always for learners. NS variation with states and frequency adverbials is discussed and avenues for additional research are presented. 10 01 JB code ihll.41.10col 245 267 23 Chapter 17 1 A01 Karina Collentine Collentine, Karina Karina Collentine Northern Arizona University 20 affordances 20 CALL 20 consciousness-raising 20 pragmatic competence 20 second language learning 20 Spanish 01 Virtual environments (VE) can mimic the dimensions that native speakers take into account in authentic social interactions and are one of the instructional conditions that can promote pragmatic competence. I present the results of a study examining the relationship between self-regulated behaviors in a VE and gains in pragmatic competence. The VE was designed to promote knowledge of Spanish request parameters and employed consciousness-raising (CR) features. Third-year learners of Spanish (<i>N</i> = 24) explored the VE by approaching avatars and requesting various objects/favors to solve the task. Specifically, I focus on affordances identified to predict pragmatic gains in the CR condition (Collentine &#38; Collentine, 2023) to study the extent to which CR features in VEs interact with and account for gains in pragmatic abilities. 10 01 JB code ihll.41.11laf 268 288 21 Chapter 18 1 A01 Barbara A. Lafford Lafford, Barbara A. Barbara A. Lafford Arizona State University 20 Community Service Learning (CSL)/ internships 20 critical pedagogy 20 Languages for Specific Purposes (LSP) 20 Spanish for Specific Purposes (SSP) 20 Translation and Interpretation (T&I) 01 This article will provide an introduction to the field of Spanish for Specific Purposes (SSP) in the United States (U.S.) (situated within a global context) and will discuss the advantages of SSP courses and programs in U.S. university Spanish curricula. It will then provide an overview of trends in the development of the SSP field in Europe, Latin America, and the U.S. by comparing the SSP faculty profiles, motivations for including SSP in language curricula, theoretical frameworks underlying SSP research, research themes and domains studied in these three geographic regions. Finally, the article will explore several major challenges to the field of SSP in the U.S. and will propose solutions and future directions for addressing each challenge. 10 01 JB code ihll.41.ai 289 292 4 Miscellaneous 19 10 01 JB code ihll.41.si 293 296 4 Miscellaneous 20 02 JBENJAMINS John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 John Benjamins Publishing Company Amsterdam/Philadelphia NL 02 October 2024 20241015 2024 John Benjamins B.V. 02 WORLD 13 15 9789027215918 01 JB 3 John Benjamins e-Platform 03 jbe-platform.com 09 WORLD 10 20241015 01 00 125.00 EUR R 01 00 105.00 GBP Z 01 gen 00 163.00 USD S 5029861 03 01 01 JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 JB code IHLL 41 Hb 15 9789027215918 13 2024031936 BB 01 IHLL 02 2213-3887 Issues in Hispanic and Lusophone Linguistics 41 01 ihll.41 01 https://benjamins.com 02 https://benjamins.com/catalog/ihll.41 1 B01 Michael Gradoville Gradoville, Michael Michael Gradoville Arizona State University 2 B01 Sean McKinnon McKinnon, Sean Sean McKinnon Texas A&M University 01 eng 310 xvi 290 + index LAN009000 v.2006 CF 2 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.ROM Romance linguistics 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.THEOR Theoretical linguistics 06 01 This book brings together eleven peer-reviewed chapters of cutting-edge research produced by both established and rising scholars in the field. Given that this volume is inspired by papers from the 25th iteration of the Hispanic Linguistics Symposium, the editors track the development of the field in the last quarter century and have organized the volume into three sections (linguistic structure and variation, US Spanish and heritage speakers, applied linguistics) reflecting current research trends. This edited volume will be a welcome resource for advanced undergraduate students, incoming and advanced graduate students, and researchers in the field, as well as Spanish language educators at all levels. 04 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475/ihll.41.png 04 03 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027215918.jpg 04 03 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_tif/9789027215918.tif 06 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_front/ihll.41.hb.png 07 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/125/ihll.41.png 25 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_back/ihll.41.hb.png 27 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/ihll.41.hb.png 10 01 JB code ihll.41.toc v vi 2 Miscellaneous 1 10 01 JB code ihll.41.lot vii xii 6 Miscellaneous 2 10 01 JB code ihll.41.lof xiii xvi 4 Miscellaneous 3 10 01 JB code ihll.41.int 1 22 22 Chapter 4 1 A01 Michael Gradoville Gradoville, Michael Michael Gradoville Arizona State University 2 A01 Sean McKinnon McKinnon, Sean Sean McKinnon Texas A&M University 10 01 JB code ihll.41.p1 23 1 Section header 5 10 01 JB code ihll.41.01li 24 43 20 Chapter 6 1 A01 Ningxian Li Li, Ningxian Ningxian Li University of Georgia 20 clitic left dislocation 20 epithet 20 movement 20 predication 01 In Spanish syntax, a clitic left-dislocated constituent may incorporate a coreferential epithet within the sentence, along with a clitic as a resumptive element. In previous research, there exist three approaches to the relationships among the dislocated constituent, the clitic, and the epithet. The first suggests the dislocated constituent is originally generated in its surface position. The second argues it originates in a small clause with the epithet, then moves to the left periphery. The third contends the constituent is part of a distinct clause, truncated by ellipsis. This study examines ditransitive verb structures featuring epithets in Peninsular Spanish, advocating that the left dislocation with an internal epithet results from syntactic movement, contributing new insights to this ongoing debate. 10 01 JB code ihll.41.02pol 44 68 25 Chapter 7 1 A01 Matthew Pollock Pollock, Matthew Matthew Pollock Louisiana State University Shreveport 20 Peninsular Spanish 20 politeness 20 second-person plural 20 ustedes 20 vosotros 01 This study focuses on sociolinguistic variation and politeness on the social media platform Twitter (X) to track the decline in the second person plural <i>ustedes</i> form among politicians in southern and northern-central Spain. An analysis of politeness in computer-mediated communication (CMC) identified pragmatic differences across politicians and showed how second-person plural variation plays a role in politeness and regional identity work. The study found that the use of impoliteness on social media is on the rise, while use of <i>ustedes</i> is low and used in specific contexts. From a variationist perspective, impoliteness correlates with <i>ustedes</i> use against political opponents, and shows that politicians employ this form as a means of creating social distance between themselves and rivals. 10 01 JB code ihll.41.03del 69 95 27 Chapter 8 1 A01 Nerea Delgado Delgado, Nerea Nerea Delgado Florida State University 20 Basque 20 Basque Spanish 20 bilingualism 20 intonation 20 yes-no questions 01 This study examines the intonation of information-seeking yes-no questions in bilingual Spanish and Basque from Irun, Gipuzkoa, and considers the effects of language dominance in describing intonational patterns. Data from 13 bilingual speakers show that falling contours (most commonly (¡)H* L%) predominate in both languages, especially among Basque-dominant bilinguals. Rising contours (namely L* H% and H* LH%) occur more frequently than previously reported for Basque Spanish. We argue that this result stems from the linguistic reality of Irun, where the use of Spanish is more widespread. Overall, most participants produced the same contours in both languages, which suggests that they utilize a common intonation inventory. 10 01 JB code ihll.41.04dia 96 119 24 Chapter 9 1 A01 Manuel Díaz-Campos Díaz-Campos, Manuel Manuel Díaz-Campos Indiana University 2 A01 Matthew Pollock Pollock, Matthew Matthew Pollock Louisiana State University Shreveport 20 palatal fricative 20 sociophonetics 20 variable use 20 Venezuelan Spanish 20 yeísmo 01 The Spanish palatal fricative /ʝ/, a site of considerable social variation, is examined in Caracas, Venezuela, comparing productions across a 20-year period. Based on spectrographic and acoustic analyses, we identify four allophones of the palatal fricative. While approximant use in Caracas has fallen from 1987–2013, it is still the dominant allophone, and young speakers from the 2010s show increased use. Several linguistic factors, including previous context, tonicity, and segment duration predict allophone production; however, social factors including gender, corpus year, and speech rate suggest that stratification exists. Through a diachronic analysis, this study provides insight into allophonic variation and social meaning in Caracas across two generations during a time of sociopolitical change. 10 01 JB code ihll.41.p2 121 1 Section header 10 10 01 JB code ihll.41.05gar 122 150 29 Chapter 11 1 A01 Rachel S. Garza Garza, Rachel S. Rachel S. Garza Indiana University 2 A01 Erik W. Willis Willis, Erik W. Erik W. Willis Indiana University 3 A01 Fernando Melero-García Melero-García, Fernando Fernando Melero-García Duolingo 20 closure duration 20 heritage speakers 20 perception 20 phonemic contrast 20 rhotics 20 taps 20 trills 01 The Spanish /ɾ/-/r/ contrast is prototypically maintained by number of occlusions; however, heritage and monolingual Spanish speakers also produce /r/ with one occlusion, using closure duration of the rhotic to maintain contrast. In the present study, 43 Spanish heritage speakers heard 40 Spanish words containing word-medial /ɾ/ with a closure duration between 22 ms and 85 ms. Using two types of tasks, a 2AFC heatmap categorical task and continuous rating Visual Analog Slider, listeners indicated whether they perceived a word containing /ɾ/ or /r/. Results of a binomial linear regression suggest that as closure duration increases, the probability of perceiving the phonemic trill increased significantly (<i>β</i> = −1.289, <i>p</i> &#60; 0.001), with type of bilingualism and word-pair also being significant. 10 01 JB code ihll.41.06zah 151 171 21 Chapter 12 1 A01 Sara L. Zahler Zahler, Sara L. Sara L. Zahler North Carolina State University 2 A01 Rocío Leguisamon Tolentino Tolentino, Rocío Leguisamon Rocío Leguisamon Tolentino University at Albany, SUNY 20 bilingualism 20 future 20 language contact 20 variation 01 We examined the acceptance of the present progressive (e.g., <i>I am traveling</i>) with future meaning (PPF) by 82 monolingual English, monolingual Spanish, and heritage Spanish speakers. Participants evaluated on a scale of 1–5 the acceptability of the PPF in 20 contexts that were embedded in a narrative in which we manipulated the surrounding discourse for temporal reference, event certainty, and presence of a locative marker. Results indicate that heritage Spanish speakers evaluated the PPF differently in English and Spanish, and differently from both monolingual groups. These findings indicate that the effects of language contact in U.S. Spanish-English bilinguals is bidirectional and that heritage Spanish speakers maintain two distinct systems for the PPF in Spanish and English. 10 01 JB code ihll.41.07vau 172 196 25 Chapter 13 1 A01 Stevi Vaughn Vaughn, Stevi Stevi Vaughn North Carolina State University 2 A01 Rebecca E. Ronquest Ronquest, Rebecca E. Rebecca E. Ronquest North Carolina State University 3 A01 Jim Michnowicz Michnowicz, Jim Jim Michnowicz North Carolina State University 20 accommodation 20 identity 20 pronouns of address 20 Southeastern U.S. 20 voseo 01 The present investigation contributes to our understanding of the evolving linguistic communities in the Southeastern U.S. by examining the factors that drive speakers’ choice of second person singular pronouns (e.g., <i>tú, vos, usted</i>). Results indicate that context and origin are the most influential factors: Argentines maintain their use of <i>vos</i> in familiar contexts, while Central Americans increase their use of <i>tú</i> and <i>usted</i> over time. However, although Argentines maintain a higher use of <i>vos</i> than Central Americans overall, they show evidence of accommodation to both <i>tú</i> and <i>usted</i> in contexts where they interact with speakers of other Spanish varieties. Qualitative analyses revealed an avoidance of <i>voseo</i> despite its strong ties to identity, indicating a complex interplay between pronoun choice. 10 01 JB code ihll.41.08mck 197 219 23 Chapter 14 1 A01 Sean McKinnon McKinnon, Sean Sean McKinnon Texas A&M University 2 A01 Vanessa Elias Elias, Vanessa Vanessa Elias University of Texas at San Antonio 20 critical language awareness 20 language ideologies 20 Spanish as a heritage language 20 Spanish in the US 01 Given exposure to hegemonic language ideologies from multiple sources and actors in larger society, a key component of critical language awareness (CLA) pedagogy is to raise students’ critical consciousness about them. Therefore, the present study examines how seven Spanish heritage language speakers’ language ideologies influence their linguistic self-conceptualization before and after taking a CLA-informed course on Spanish in the US. The results provide evidence that most participants either questioned dominant language ideologies (e.g., monoglossic and standard language) when it came to conceptualizing their own Spanish or directly challenged them in their daily lives after completing the course. However, some participant reflections expressed hegemonic language ideologies at the end of the semester, which mirrors findings from previous research that measure critical awareness post-instruction. 10 01 JB code ihll.41.p3 221 1 Section header 15 10 01 JB code ihll.41.09bla 222 244 23 Chapter 16 1 A01 Nicholas M. Blaker Blaker, Nicholas M. Nicholas M. Blaker Indiana University 20 L2 Spanish 20 L2 variation 20 lexical aspect 20 preterite and imperfect 20 temporal adverbials 20 tense and aspect 20 variationist sociolinguistics 01 This study adopts a variationist approach to SLA to investigate the influence of temporal adverbials and lexical aspect on variable preterite and imperfect selection. A total of 110 L2 Spanish learners at varying proficiency levels and 15 native speakers of Spanish completed a contextualized preference task that examined the influence of both linguistic variables on the selection of preterite, imperfect and <i>both</i>. Results for frequency of selection showed that learners overselected the imperfect and <i>both</i> in contexts where NSs categorically selected the preterite. Mixed-effects logistic regressions indicated that both factors influenced NSs’ selections, but not always for learners. NS variation with states and frequency adverbials is discussed and avenues for additional research are presented. 10 01 JB code ihll.41.10col 245 267 23 Chapter 17 1 A01 Karina Collentine Collentine, Karina Karina Collentine Northern Arizona University 20 affordances 20 CALL 20 consciousness-raising 20 pragmatic competence 20 second language learning 20 Spanish 01 Virtual environments (VE) can mimic the dimensions that native speakers take into account in authentic social interactions and are one of the instructional conditions that can promote pragmatic competence. I present the results of a study examining the relationship between self-regulated behaviors in a VE and gains in pragmatic competence. The VE was designed to promote knowledge of Spanish request parameters and employed consciousness-raising (CR) features. Third-year learners of Spanish (<i>N</i> = 24) explored the VE by approaching avatars and requesting various objects/favors to solve the task. Specifically, I focus on affordances identified to predict pragmatic gains in the CR condition (Collentine &#38; Collentine, 2023) to study the extent to which CR features in VEs interact with and account for gains in pragmatic abilities. 10 01 JB code ihll.41.11laf 268 288 21 Chapter 18 1 A01 Barbara A. Lafford Lafford, Barbara A. Barbara A. Lafford Arizona State University 20 Community Service Learning (CSL)/ internships 20 critical pedagogy 20 Languages for Specific Purposes (LSP) 20 Spanish for Specific Purposes (SSP) 20 Translation and Interpretation (T&I) 01 This article will provide an introduction to the field of Spanish for Specific Purposes (SSP) in the United States (U.S.) (situated within a global context) and will discuss the advantages of SSP courses and programs in U.S. university Spanish curricula. It will then provide an overview of trends in the development of the SSP field in Europe, Latin America, and the U.S. by comparing the SSP faculty profiles, motivations for including SSP in language curricula, theoretical frameworks underlying SSP research, research themes and domains studied in these three geographic regions. Finally, the article will explore several major challenges to the field of SSP in the U.S. and will propose solutions and future directions for addressing each challenge. 10 01 JB code ihll.41.ai 289 292 4 Miscellaneous 19 10 01 JB code ihll.41.si 293 296 4 Miscellaneous 20 02 JBENJAMINS John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 John Benjamins Publishing Company Amsterdam/Philadelphia NL 02 October 2024 20241015 2024 John Benjamins B.V. 02 WORLD 01 JB 1 John Benjamins Publishing Company +31 20 6304747 +31 20 6739773 bookorder@benjamins.nl 01 https://benjamins.com 01 WORLD US CA MX 10 20241015 01 02 JB 1 00 125.00 EUR R 02 02 JB 1 00 132.50 EUR R 01 JB 10 bebc +44 1202 712 934 +44 1202 712 913 sales@bebc.co.uk 03 GB 10 20241015 02 02 JB 1 00 105.00 GBP Z 01 JB 2 John Benjamins North America +1 800 562-5666 +1 703 661-1501 benjamins@presswarehouse.com 01 https://benjamins.com 01 US CA MX 10 20241015 01 gen 02 JB 1 00 163.00 USD