753030364 03 01 01 JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 JB code CILT 367 Eb 15 9789027246318 06 10.1075/cilt.367 DG 002 02 01 CILT 02 0304-0763 Current Issues in Linguistic Theory 367 01 cilt.367 01 https://benjamins.com 02 https://benjamins.com/catalog/cilt.367 1 B01 Bethwyn Evans Evans, Bethwyn Bethwyn Evans Australian National University 2 B01 Maria Kristina Gallego Gallego, Maria Kristina Maria Kristina Gallego University of the Philippines Diliman 3 B01 Luisa Miceli Miceli, Luisa Luisa Miceli The University of Western Australia 01 eng 380 vi 368 + index LAN009010 v.2006 CFF 2 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.HL Historical linguistics 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.THEOR Theoretical linguistics 06 01 This volume comprises a selection of papers that were presented at the 24th International Conference on Historical Linguistics (ICHL24), which took place at the Australian National University (ANU) in Canberra from 1-5 July, 2019. The volume’s aim is to reflect the breadth of research presented at the conference, with each chapter representative of a workshop or themed session. A striking aspect of ICHL24 was the three-day workshop on computational and quantitative approaches to historical linguistics and two of the chapters represent different aspects of this workshop. A number of chapters present research that explores mechanisms and processes of change within specific domains of language, while others explore interactions of change across linguistic domains. Two chapters represent a common theme at the conference and consider the role of historical linguistics in explaining non-linguistic histories of language diversification. 04 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475/cilt.367.png 04 03 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027218209.jpg 04 03 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_tif/9789027218209.tif 06 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_front/cilt.367.hb.png 07 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/125/cilt.367.png 25 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_back/cilt.367.hb.png 27 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/cilt.367.hb.png 10 01 JB code cilt.367.toc v vi 2 Miscellaneous 1 10 01 JB code cilt.367.intro 1 7 7 Chapter 2 1 A01 Bethwyn Evans Evans, Bethwyn Bethwyn Evans Australian National University 2 A01 Maria Kristina Gallego Gallego, Maria Kristina Maria Kristina Gallego University of the Philippines Diliman 3 A01 Luisa Miceli Miceli, Luisa Luisa Miceli University of Western Australia 10 01 JB code cilt.367.01ber 8 35 28 Chapter 3 1 A01 Anna Berge Berge, Anna Anna Berge University of Alaska Fairbanks 20 Eskaleut 20 prehistoric language contact 20 Unangam Tunuu (Aleut) 20 Yupik and Inuit 01 Unangam Tunuu (UT) underwent several periods of prehistoric contact with neighbouring languages. However, no specific period or mechanism of contact between the Unangan and other peoples has been proposed. In this paper, my aim is to better define and date the various types of language contact and/or shift that UT appears to have undergone since its divergence from Proto-Eskaleut, including linguistic and archaeological evidence for (a) early lexical replacement, (b) language bilingualism between Na-Dene and UT, leading to shared grammatical features, and (c) late Alutiiq influence on UT and the possible replacement of UT in currently Alutiiq areas. 10 01 JB code cilt.367.02boi 36 58 23 Chapter 4 2 A01 Melissa Boiko Boiko, Melissa Melissa Boiko Ruhr-Universität Bochum 2 A01 Elisabeth M. de Boer Boer, Elisabeth M. de Elisabeth M. de Boer 3 A01 Christopher Griesenhofer Griesenhofer, Christopher Christopher Griesenhofer Ruhr-Universität Bochum 4 A01 Petros Loukareas Loukareas, Petros Petros Loukareas Ruhr-Universität Bochum 5 A01 Masato Aoyama Aoyama, Masato Masato Aoyama Ruhr-Universität Bochum 20 dialectology 20 Gairin dialects 20 historical linguistics 20 Japanese 20 Kakegawa dialect 20 noun compounds 20 pitch accent 20 tonology 20 Totsukawa dialect 01 Japanese pitch accent is of great interest to historical linguists due to its relative stability. Japanese dialects can be grouped into accent types and subtypes, and their similarities may in some cases point to historical connections between populations. One common accentual behaviour is found in noun compounding: All dialects of the widespread Tōkyō-type are said to have similar rules for deriving compound accent from component nouns. The rules imply that the accent of a compound never occurs before its morpheme boundary. We have, however, found instances of such accents in our fieldwork. We discuss the historical interpretation of this anomalous finding, in the context of the ERC Japanese Prehistoric Migrations project, which aims to illuminate ancient population movements through linguistic evidence. 10 01 JB code cilt.367.03bow 59 74 16 Chapter 5 1 A01 Claire Bowern Bowern, Claire Claire Bowern Yale University 20 Austronesian 20 Indo-European 20 infant speech 20 kinship 20 language change 20 Pama-Nyungan 20 parental terms 20 phylogenetic signal 01 It has long been known that parental terms are poor indicators of shared genetic relationship because of their tendency to be influenced by features of “baby-talk”. However, change and stability of parental terms within language families has not been closely studied. Here I evaluate the stability of ‘mother’ and ‘father’ across three large language families. While terms which show features of child-directed speech do appear to show fewer signs of phylogenetic signal, very few of the results reach statistical significance. Though there is probably some influence of acquisition, it is not enough to swamp regular transmission and other processes of change. Therefore, while parental terms are inappropriate evidence for detecting remote relationships, such terms can be safely used in reconstruction. 10 01 JB code cilt.367.04bro 75 109 35 Chapter 6 1 A01 Lindell Bromham Bromham, Lindell Lindell Bromham Australian National University 20 cross-cultural analysis 20 Galton 20 language diversity 20 phylogenetic non-independence 01 Comparisons between languages can illuminate processes of language change by revealing meaningful associations between language features or the influence of external factors on the patterns and rates of language change. But comparisons between languages raise statistical challenges, because close relatives will tend to be more similar to each other, compared with more distantly related languages, and languages from the same areas will be subject to many of the same influences. Therefore, observations made on different languages will usually fail to meet the requirement of statistical independence inherent in standard statistical testing. This fundamental challenge of cross-cultural analysis, known as Galton’s problem, is no cause for despair because there are a range of workable solutions using widely available data. This paper discusses a range of practical solutions, including phylogenetic analysis, sister pair comparisons, and spatially structured models, that can be applied to analyses of language variation and change. 10 01 JB code cilt.367.05bur 110 146 37 Chapter 7 1 A01 Francesco Burroni Burroni, Francesco Francesco Burroni 2 A01 Sireemas Maspong Maspong, Sireemas Sireemas Maspong 20 diachrony 20 evolutionary phonology 20 initial geminates 20 moraic onsets 20 Pattani Malay 20 phonetics 20 phonology 20 Salentino 20 sound change 20 typology 01 We present a typology of the diachronic pathways leading to the emergence of Initial Geminates (IGs). We show that synchronic phonological properties of IGs, especially their moraic status, may be tied to the diachronic trajectory that leads to their emergence. This is expected if we follow an evolutionary approach to phonology, Evolutionary Phonology (EP). We further discuss potential alternatives and limitations to this scenario and introduce a series of testable predictions for future instrumental work on the topic. We complete our discussion with two cases studies of Pattani Malay and Salentino, the latter based on an original acoustic pilot study. We argue that these two languages show that lexical competition alone is not enough to predict the IGs’ resistance to merger <i>contra</i> previous accounts proposed in the framework of EP. We suggest that lexical competition needs to be better quantified and that other factors need to be taken into account if we are to understand the multifaceted synchronic realisation and evolution of IGs. 10 01 JB code cilt.367.06dal 147 172 26 Chapter 8 1 A01 Carlo Dalle Ceste Dalle Ceste, Carlo Carlo Dalle Ceste Australian National University 20 grammaticalisation 20 historical linguistics 20 morphology 20 Oceanic 20 paradigm formation 20 pronouns 20 recurrent change 01 The reconstruction of Western Oceanic subject markers points to a recurrent history of grammaticalisation and paradigm (re)formation. With the notable exception of Ross &#38; Lithgow (1989), this topic has received little attention. Yet subject markers are relevant grammatical markers in Oceanic languages, in that they not only index the subject on the VP but may also carry the additional function of expressing TAM distinctions. Both the pronominal and TAM-marking formatives in Western Oceanic subject markers point to a variety of sources (e.g., free pronouns, possessive pronouns, etc.), and different processes of formation that often result in segmentation asymmetries. Despite hindering a sound reconstruction, these factors may tell us more about the dynamics of change reshaping such relevant functors in Western Oceanic languages. 10 01 JB code cilt.367.07deb 173 194 22 Chapter 9 1 A01 Elisabeth M. de Boer Boer, Elisabeth M. de Elisabeth M. de Boer Ruhr-Universität Bochum 20 comparative method 20 diversification 20 geographical configuration 20 hunter-gatherers 20 Japonic 20 language replacement 20 migration 20 spread of agriculture 20 state formation 01 This chapter investigates two extremes of the distribution of the Japonic language family: the Ryūkyū Islands in the southwest, and the Tōhoku region in the northeast. Despite the fact that both areas were settled relatively late by speakers of Japonic compared to other areas of Japan, the linguistic situation in the two regions could not be more different: in the Ryūkyūs there is extreme linguistic diversity, while in the Tōhoku region, the diversification is low. This chapter argues that differences in the natural environment (multiple islands in the southwest, versus the easily navigable Japan Sea coast, and room to withdraw from the pressure of the central state in the northeast) were factors that shaped the linguistic geography of the two regions. 10 01 JB code cilt.367.08gae 195 216 22 Chapter 10 1 A01 Livio Gaeta Gaeta, Livio Livio Gaeta University of Turin 20 Baldwin effect 20 epigenetics 20 evolutionary biology 20 grammaticalization 20 iconicity 20 language change 20 markedness 20 morphology 20 naturalness 01 Much discussion has been devoted to the role of iconic coding, especially with regards to its relevance for explaining morphological change over other synchronic factors such as economy, frequency, and the like. In this chapter, I will reverse the perspective and focus on diachrony as a source of the rise of iconic coding. This is not meant to deny the relevance of the synchronic perspective, but the stress on diachrony may help us understand that a number of phenomena can be structurally accounted for, i.e., these phenomena are the way they are, because of their origin from earlier structural environments. 10 01 JB code cilt.367.09gvo 217 240 24 Chapter 11 1 A01 Jadranka Gvozdanović Gvozdanović, Jadranka Jadranka Gvozdanović Heidelberg University 20 Croatian 20 Czech 20 diachrony 20 hierarchy 20 modal meanings 20 scope 20 synchrony 01 This paper investigates the principles of modal development across modal domains, and the capacity of modal maps to account for these developments. The starting point is a relative newcomer in Slavic, the modal ‘have to’ + infinitive construction, which came to partially replace the older dative plus infinitive and ‘so as to’ constructions during the Middle Ages and developed across the full modal spectrum in its kernel area of West Slavic. What were the sources and the principles of this development? The paper answers these questions and draws some general conclusions about modal domains and the role of language hierarchies. The first section gives a contemporary survey, the second discusses the historical development, and the third section discusses theoretical implications. 10 01 JB code cilt.367.10jos 241 260 20 Chapter 12 1 A01 Brian D. Joseph Joseph, Brian D. Brian D. Joseph The Ohio State University 2 A01 Angela Ralli Ralli, Angela Angela Ralli 20 degrammaticalisation 20 grammaticalization 20 Greek 20 Sanskrit 20 unidirectionality 01 This paper challenges predictions made within the grammaticalisation framework about what can happen to grammatical material over time. We present two case studies — one from Greek and one from Sanskrit — which demonstrate that claims regarding the origin of grammatical material are too narrow, and that a broader view needs to be taken. We argue that (i) grammatical material can originate in ways other than the downgrading of lexical items; (ii) grammatical change does not unidirectionally move “down” the cline from less tightly bound to more tightly bound; movement “up” the cline is possible too; and (iii) if we focus just on one type of movement involving grammatical material — from less to more dependent — we can miss interesting types of grammatical change. 10 01 JB code cilt.367.11mei 261 283 23 Chapter 13 1 A01 Barbara Meisterernst Meisterernst, Barbara Barbara Meisterernst Stuttgart University | National Tsing Hua University 20 Early Middle Chinese 20 grammaticalisation 20 Late Archaic Chinese 20 modal verbs 01 The modal <i>dé</i> </span> 得</span> is one of the modal verbs of possibility in Late Archaic Chinese (LAC) and Early Middle Chinese (EMC). Different from other modals verbs of possibility, which are confined to preverbal position, <i>dé</i> </span> 得</span> ‘obtain, get, manage to, can’ occurs in two different positions in Modern Chinese and other Sinitic languages: preverbal and postverbal. This chapter argues that the two different functions of <sc>de</sc> in modern Sinitic languages reflect two syntactic instantiations of <sc>de</sc> in LAC and EMC. The preverbal modal auxiliary developed from the modal auxiliary verb <i>dé ‘</i>manage to, can’, which only allows a <i>v</i>P complement, and the postverbal <sc>de</sc> developed from the lexical verb <i>dé</i> ‘get, obtain’, which allows a CP complement. 10 01 JB code cilt.367.12met 284 330 47 Chapter 14 1 A01 Amina Mettouchi Mettouchi, Amina Amina Mettouchi Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Paris & CNRS Llacan 2 A01 Valentina Schiattarella Schiattarella, Valentina Valentina Schiattarella University of Naples, “L’Orientale” 20 Afro-Asiatic 20 Berber 20 classification 20 contact 20 culture 20 food 20 linkage 20 migrations 20 wave-model 20 Zenati 01 Berber subclassification is notoriously problematic, due to overlapping innovations and retentions across hypothesized sub-branches. Focussing on Oriental Berber, we analyze the lexicon of food, on the assumption that linguistic contacts within Berber and between Berber and Arabic are reflected in material and immaterial culture. An original method for the analysis of food terms and their denotations is proposed. We illustrate the method through a case-study of food preparation, in which various denominations are cognates of the stem *βazin, and which confirms most linguistic hypotheses about subgroupings and contacts, additionally exemplifying a case of levelling due to borrowing into Arabic followed by re-borrowing into Berber. Our results also point to further contacts across Berber language groups (best analyzed in terms of linkage), and confirm the relevance of the study of food culture in support of the historical reconstruction of Berber languages. 10 01 JB code cilt.367.13van 331 368 38 Chapter 15 1 A01 Jens E. L. Van Gysel Van Gysel, Jens E. L. Jens E. L. Van Gysel University of New Mexico 20 applicative 20 causative 20 cognitive grammar 20 diachronic typology 20 semantic change 20 valency 01 In many languages, one morpheme functions both as a causative and as an applicative. Researchers such as Croft (1991) and Tuggy (1988) have noted the conceptual similarities between these functions, but the origins and conceptual mechanisms of change which cross-linguistically lead towards such polysemies have not been studied. This study investigates 88 languages, in which 11 polysemous causative-applicative morphemes were found. Extensions from etymological applicatives towards a causative function, and vice versa, are attested, although no etymological causatives which have become productive as applicatives were found. I argue that the conventionalisation of implicatures and other mechanisms of change allow such extensions to advance gradually over a continuum of valency-increasing functions, or more directly between conceptually further removed causatives and benefactive applicatives. 02 JBENJAMINS John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 John Benjamins Publishing Company Amsterdam/Philadelphia NL 02 December 2024 20241215 2024 John Benjamins B.V. 02 WORLD 13 15 9789027218209 01 JB 3 John Benjamins e-Platform 03 jbe-platform.com 09 WORLD 10 20241215 01 00 130.00 EUR R 01 00 109.00 GBP Z 01 gen 00 169.00 USD S 624030363 03 01 01 JB John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 JB code CILT 367 Hb 15 9789027218209 BB 01 CILT 02 0304-0763 Current Issues in Linguistic Theory 367 01 cilt.367 01 https://benjamins.com 02 https://benjamins.com/catalog/cilt.367 1 B01 Bethwyn Evans Evans, Bethwyn Bethwyn Evans Australian National University 2 B01 Maria Kristina Gallego Gallego, Maria Kristina Maria Kristina Gallego University of the Philippines Diliman 3 B01 Luisa Miceli Miceli, Luisa Luisa Miceli The University of Western Australia 01 eng 380 vi 368 + index LAN009010 v.2006 CFF 2 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.HL Historical linguistics 24 JB Subject Scheme LIN.THEOR Theoretical linguistics 06 01 This volume comprises a selection of papers that were presented at the 24th International Conference on Historical Linguistics (ICHL24), which took place at the Australian National University (ANU) in Canberra from 1-5 July, 2019. The volume’s aim is to reflect the breadth of research presented at the conference, with each chapter representative of a workshop or themed session. A striking aspect of ICHL24 was the three-day workshop on computational and quantitative approaches to historical linguistics and two of the chapters represent different aspects of this workshop. A number of chapters present research that explores mechanisms and processes of change within specific domains of language, while others explore interactions of change across linguistic domains. Two chapters represent a common theme at the conference and consider the role of historical linguistics in explaining non-linguistic histories of language diversification. 04 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475/cilt.367.png 04 03 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_jpg/9789027218209.jpg 04 03 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/475_tif/9789027218209.tif 06 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_front/cilt.367.hb.png 07 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/125/cilt.367.png 25 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/1200_back/cilt.367.hb.png 27 09 01 https://benjamins.com/covers/3d_web/cilt.367.hb.png 10 01 JB code cilt.367.toc v vi 2 Miscellaneous 1 10 01 JB code cilt.367.intro 1 7 7 Chapter 2 1 A01 Bethwyn Evans Evans, Bethwyn Bethwyn Evans Australian National University 2 A01 Maria Kristina Gallego Gallego, Maria Kristina Maria Kristina Gallego University of the Philippines Diliman 3 A01 Luisa Miceli Miceli, Luisa Luisa Miceli University of Western Australia 10 01 JB code cilt.367.01ber 8 35 28 Chapter 3 1 A01 Anna Berge Berge, Anna Anna Berge University of Alaska Fairbanks 20 Eskaleut 20 prehistoric language contact 20 Unangam Tunuu (Aleut) 20 Yupik and Inuit 01 Unangam Tunuu (UT) underwent several periods of prehistoric contact with neighbouring languages. However, no specific period or mechanism of contact between the Unangan and other peoples has been proposed. In this paper, my aim is to better define and date the various types of language contact and/or shift that UT appears to have undergone since its divergence from Proto-Eskaleut, including linguistic and archaeological evidence for (a) early lexical replacement, (b) language bilingualism between Na-Dene and UT, leading to shared grammatical features, and (c) late Alutiiq influence on UT and the possible replacement of UT in currently Alutiiq areas. 10 01 JB code cilt.367.02boi 36 58 23 Chapter 4 2 A01 Melissa Boiko Boiko, Melissa Melissa Boiko Ruhr-Universität Bochum 2 A01 Elisabeth M. de Boer Boer, Elisabeth M. de Elisabeth M. de Boer 3 A01 Christopher Griesenhofer Griesenhofer, Christopher Christopher Griesenhofer Ruhr-Universität Bochum 4 A01 Petros Loukareas Loukareas, Petros Petros Loukareas Ruhr-Universität Bochum 5 A01 Masato Aoyama Aoyama, Masato Masato Aoyama Ruhr-Universität Bochum 20 dialectology 20 Gairin dialects 20 historical linguistics 20 Japanese 20 Kakegawa dialect 20 noun compounds 20 pitch accent 20 tonology 20 Totsukawa dialect 01 Japanese pitch accent is of great interest to historical linguists due to its relative stability. Japanese dialects can be grouped into accent types and subtypes, and their similarities may in some cases point to historical connections between populations. One common accentual behaviour is found in noun compounding: All dialects of the widespread Tōkyō-type are said to have similar rules for deriving compound accent from component nouns. The rules imply that the accent of a compound never occurs before its morpheme boundary. We have, however, found instances of such accents in our fieldwork. We discuss the historical interpretation of this anomalous finding, in the context of the ERC Japanese Prehistoric Migrations project, which aims to illuminate ancient population movements through linguistic evidence. 10 01 JB code cilt.367.03bow 59 74 16 Chapter 5 1 A01 Claire Bowern Bowern, Claire Claire Bowern Yale University 20 Austronesian 20 Indo-European 20 infant speech 20 kinship 20 language change 20 Pama-Nyungan 20 parental terms 20 phylogenetic signal 01 It has long been known that parental terms are poor indicators of shared genetic relationship because of their tendency to be influenced by features of “baby-talk”. However, change and stability of parental terms within language families has not been closely studied. Here I evaluate the stability of ‘mother’ and ‘father’ across three large language families. While terms which show features of child-directed speech do appear to show fewer signs of phylogenetic signal, very few of the results reach statistical significance. Though there is probably some influence of acquisition, it is not enough to swamp regular transmission and other processes of change. Therefore, while parental terms are inappropriate evidence for detecting remote relationships, such terms can be safely used in reconstruction. 10 01 JB code cilt.367.04bro 75 109 35 Chapter 6 1 A01 Lindell Bromham Bromham, Lindell Lindell Bromham Australian National University 20 cross-cultural analysis 20 Galton 20 language diversity 20 phylogenetic non-independence 01 Comparisons between languages can illuminate processes of language change by revealing meaningful associations between language features or the influence of external factors on the patterns and rates of language change. But comparisons between languages raise statistical challenges, because close relatives will tend to be more similar to each other, compared with more distantly related languages, and languages from the same areas will be subject to many of the same influences. Therefore, observations made on different languages will usually fail to meet the requirement of statistical independence inherent in standard statistical testing. This fundamental challenge of cross-cultural analysis, known as Galton’s problem, is no cause for despair because there are a range of workable solutions using widely available data. This paper discusses a range of practical solutions, including phylogenetic analysis, sister pair comparisons, and spatially structured models, that can be applied to analyses of language variation and change. 10 01 JB code cilt.367.05bur 110 146 37 Chapter 7 1 A01 Francesco Burroni Burroni, Francesco Francesco Burroni 2 A01 Sireemas Maspong Maspong, Sireemas Sireemas Maspong 20 diachrony 20 evolutionary phonology 20 initial geminates 20 moraic onsets 20 Pattani Malay 20 phonetics 20 phonology 20 Salentino 20 sound change 20 typology 01 We present a typology of the diachronic pathways leading to the emergence of Initial Geminates (IGs). We show that synchronic phonological properties of IGs, especially their moraic status, may be tied to the diachronic trajectory that leads to their emergence. This is expected if we follow an evolutionary approach to phonology, Evolutionary Phonology (EP). We further discuss potential alternatives and limitations to this scenario and introduce a series of testable predictions for future instrumental work on the topic. We complete our discussion with two cases studies of Pattani Malay and Salentino, the latter based on an original acoustic pilot study. We argue that these two languages show that lexical competition alone is not enough to predict the IGs’ resistance to merger <i>contra</i> previous accounts proposed in the framework of EP. We suggest that lexical competition needs to be better quantified and that other factors need to be taken into account if we are to understand the multifaceted synchronic realisation and evolution of IGs. 10 01 JB code cilt.367.06dal 147 172 26 Chapter 8 1 A01 Carlo Dalle Ceste Dalle Ceste, Carlo Carlo Dalle Ceste Australian National University 20 grammaticalisation 20 historical linguistics 20 morphology 20 Oceanic 20 paradigm formation 20 pronouns 20 recurrent change 01 The reconstruction of Western Oceanic subject markers points to a recurrent history of grammaticalisation and paradigm (re)formation. With the notable exception of Ross &#38; Lithgow (1989), this topic has received little attention. Yet subject markers are relevant grammatical markers in Oceanic languages, in that they not only index the subject on the VP but may also carry the additional function of expressing TAM distinctions. Both the pronominal and TAM-marking formatives in Western Oceanic subject markers point to a variety of sources (e.g., free pronouns, possessive pronouns, etc.), and different processes of formation that often result in segmentation asymmetries. Despite hindering a sound reconstruction, these factors may tell us more about the dynamics of change reshaping such relevant functors in Western Oceanic languages. 10 01 JB code cilt.367.07deb 173 194 22 Chapter 9 1 A01 Elisabeth M. de Boer Boer, Elisabeth M. de Elisabeth M. de Boer Ruhr-Universität Bochum 20 comparative method 20 diversification 20 geographical configuration 20 hunter-gatherers 20 Japonic 20 language replacement 20 migration 20 spread of agriculture 20 state formation 01 This chapter investigates two extremes of the distribution of the Japonic language family: the Ryūkyū Islands in the southwest, and the Tōhoku region in the northeast. Despite the fact that both areas were settled relatively late by speakers of Japonic compared to other areas of Japan, the linguistic situation in the two regions could not be more different: in the Ryūkyūs there is extreme linguistic diversity, while in the Tōhoku region, the diversification is low. This chapter argues that differences in the natural environment (multiple islands in the southwest, versus the easily navigable Japan Sea coast, and room to withdraw from the pressure of the central state in the northeast) were factors that shaped the linguistic geography of the two regions. 10 01 JB code cilt.367.08gae 195 216 22 Chapter 10 1 A01 Livio Gaeta Gaeta, Livio Livio Gaeta University of Turin 20 Baldwin effect 20 epigenetics 20 evolutionary biology 20 grammaticalization 20 iconicity 20 language change 20 markedness 20 morphology 20 naturalness 01 Much discussion has been devoted to the role of iconic coding, especially with regards to its relevance for explaining morphological change over other synchronic factors such as economy, frequency, and the like. In this chapter, I will reverse the perspective and focus on diachrony as a source of the rise of iconic coding. This is not meant to deny the relevance of the synchronic perspective, but the stress on diachrony may help us understand that a number of phenomena can be structurally accounted for, i.e., these phenomena are the way they are, because of their origin from earlier structural environments. 10 01 JB code cilt.367.09gvo 217 240 24 Chapter 11 1 A01 Jadranka Gvozdanović Gvozdanović, Jadranka Jadranka Gvozdanović Heidelberg University 20 Croatian 20 Czech 20 diachrony 20 hierarchy 20 modal meanings 20 scope 20 synchrony 01 This paper investigates the principles of modal development across modal domains, and the capacity of modal maps to account for these developments. The starting point is a relative newcomer in Slavic, the modal ‘have to’ + infinitive construction, which came to partially replace the older dative plus infinitive and ‘so as to’ constructions during the Middle Ages and developed across the full modal spectrum in its kernel area of West Slavic. What were the sources and the principles of this development? The paper answers these questions and draws some general conclusions about modal domains and the role of language hierarchies. The first section gives a contemporary survey, the second discusses the historical development, and the third section discusses theoretical implications. 10 01 JB code cilt.367.10jos 241 260 20 Chapter 12 1 A01 Brian D. Joseph Joseph, Brian D. Brian D. Joseph The Ohio State University 2 A01 Angela Ralli Ralli, Angela Angela Ralli 20 degrammaticalisation 20 grammaticalization 20 Greek 20 Sanskrit 20 unidirectionality 01 This paper challenges predictions made within the grammaticalisation framework about what can happen to grammatical material over time. We present two case studies — one from Greek and one from Sanskrit — which demonstrate that claims regarding the origin of grammatical material are too narrow, and that a broader view needs to be taken. We argue that (i) grammatical material can originate in ways other than the downgrading of lexical items; (ii) grammatical change does not unidirectionally move “down” the cline from less tightly bound to more tightly bound; movement “up” the cline is possible too; and (iii) if we focus just on one type of movement involving grammatical material — from less to more dependent — we can miss interesting types of grammatical change. 10 01 JB code cilt.367.11mei 261 283 23 Chapter 13 1 A01 Barbara Meisterernst Meisterernst, Barbara Barbara Meisterernst Stuttgart University | National Tsing Hua University 20 Early Middle Chinese 20 grammaticalisation 20 Late Archaic Chinese 20 modal verbs 01 The modal <i>dé</i> </span> 得</span> is one of the modal verbs of possibility in Late Archaic Chinese (LAC) and Early Middle Chinese (EMC). Different from other modals verbs of possibility, which are confined to preverbal position, <i>dé</i> </span> 得</span> ‘obtain, get, manage to, can’ occurs in two different positions in Modern Chinese and other Sinitic languages: preverbal and postverbal. This chapter argues that the two different functions of <sc>de</sc> in modern Sinitic languages reflect two syntactic instantiations of <sc>de</sc> in LAC and EMC. The preverbal modal auxiliary developed from the modal auxiliary verb <i>dé ‘</i>manage to, can’, which only allows a <i>v</i>P complement, and the postverbal <sc>de</sc> developed from the lexical verb <i>dé</i> ‘get, obtain’, which allows a CP complement. 10 01 JB code cilt.367.12met 284 330 47 Chapter 14 1 A01 Amina Mettouchi Mettouchi, Amina Amina Mettouchi Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Paris & CNRS Llacan 2 A01 Valentina Schiattarella Schiattarella, Valentina Valentina Schiattarella University of Naples, “L’Orientale” 20 Afro-Asiatic 20 Berber 20 classification 20 contact 20 culture 20 food 20 linkage 20 migrations 20 wave-model 20 Zenati 01 Berber subclassification is notoriously problematic, due to overlapping innovations and retentions across hypothesized sub-branches. Focussing on Oriental Berber, we analyze the lexicon of food, on the assumption that linguistic contacts within Berber and between Berber and Arabic are reflected in material and immaterial culture. An original method for the analysis of food terms and their denotations is proposed. We illustrate the method through a case-study of food preparation, in which various denominations are cognates of the stem *βazin, and which confirms most linguistic hypotheses about subgroupings and contacts, additionally exemplifying a case of levelling due to borrowing into Arabic followed by re-borrowing into Berber. Our results also point to further contacts across Berber language groups (best analyzed in terms of linkage), and confirm the relevance of the study of food culture in support of the historical reconstruction of Berber languages. 10 01 JB code cilt.367.13van 331 368 38 Chapter 15 1 A01 Jens E. L. Van Gysel Van Gysel, Jens E. L. Jens E. L. Van Gysel University of New Mexico 20 applicative 20 causative 20 cognitive grammar 20 diachronic typology 20 semantic change 20 valency 01 In many languages, one morpheme functions both as a causative and as an applicative. Researchers such as Croft (1991) and Tuggy (1988) have noted the conceptual similarities between these functions, but the origins and conceptual mechanisms of change which cross-linguistically lead towards such polysemies have not been studied. This study investigates 88 languages, in which 11 polysemous causative-applicative morphemes were found. Extensions from etymological applicatives towards a causative function, and vice versa, are attested, although no etymological causatives which have become productive as applicatives were found. I argue that the conventionalisation of implicatures and other mechanisms of change allow such extensions to advance gradually over a continuum of valency-increasing functions, or more directly between conceptually further removed causatives and benefactive applicatives. 02 JBENJAMINS John Benjamins Publishing Company 01 John Benjamins Publishing Company Amsterdam/Philadelphia NL 02 December 2024 20241215 2024 John Benjamins B.V. 02 WORLD 01 JB 1 John Benjamins Publishing Company +31 20 6304747 +31 20 6739773 bookorder@benjamins.nl 01 https://benjamins.com 01 WORLD US CA MX 10 20241215 01 02 JB 1 00 130.00 EUR R 02 02 JB 1 00 137.80 EUR R 01 JB 10 bebc +44 1202 712 934 +44 1202 712 913 sales@bebc.co.uk 03 GB 10 20241215 02 02 JB 1 00 109.00 GBP Z 01 JB 2 John Benjamins North America +1 800 562-5666 +1 703 661-1501 benjamins@presswarehouse.com 01 https://benjamins.com 01 US CA MX 10 20241215 01 gen 02 JB 1 00 169.00 USD